并列句与状语从句讲解
并列句与状语从句讲解
连词是一种虚词,不能在句子中单独作句子成分,在句子中只起连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子以及从句的作用。
一、并列句与连词(连接同一语法类型的词、短语或句子)
1. 并列连词的分类并列连词按其作用可分为表示转折对比、因果、选择和并列四大类。
(1) 表示转折的并列连词
1. but(但是,可连接两个句子,用逗号隔开;也可以放在句首)
2. yet (然而,尽管如此,连接两个句子,用逗号隔开;也可以放在句首)
The car is old,yet it is in good condition.
注:yet也常放在完成时句尾表示还没有,此时不是连词,注意区分。
3. while (而,可是,表示转折或对比,不用加逗号)
Lily likes go to school by bus while linda likes go to school by bike.
4. however (然而,但是),一般位于句首,单个使用后加逗号阅读完型中常见到表转折。 它们连接两个意思不同,阅读中遇到要注意。
(2) 表示因果的并列连词
表示因果的并列连词有:
1. for (因为) ①由并列连词for 引导的分句常置于句子后部,而且常用逗号与前面的
分句隔开。②for 分句主要是对前一分句补充说明理由或推断原因。③for 分句不能用来回答why 问句。She can’t go to school , for she is ill in bed.
2. so (所以) 可以连接两个句子,中间有时用逗号隔开;也可以放在一个句子的句首。 例:The shop doesn't open until 11 a.m. , so we should go there later..
3. therefore (因此),用法和however类似,但词义不一样
(3) 表示选择的并列连词
表示选择的并列连词有:or (或者),either?or (不是??就是??,或者??或者??)
[注]①or用在祈使句中,意为“否则”,
Hurry up, or you’ll be late. 快点,否则你就会迟到了。
②or用在否定句中表示并列关系。
They never dance or sing. 他们从不跳舞,也不唱歌。
③either?or?连接主语时,谓语动词就近原则。
(4) 表示并列关系的连词(连接主语时注意谓语)
表示联合关系的连词有:
1. and (和,而且) and ①用在肯定句中连接并列的成分,表示“和,而且”;②用在祈
使句中,意为“那么”Study hard, and you will succeed. 努力学习,你就会取得成功。
2. both?and? () 谓语动词用复数Both you and he are right.
3. as well as (也) [注]谓语动词应与as well as 前面的主语在人称、数上保持一致。 I as well as he am a doctor. 我和他一样,也是医生。
4. not only?but also(不但??而且??)它连接主语时,谓语动词就近原则。
Not only I but also students are tired of take the examination.
5. neither?nor? (既不??也不??)它们用来连接两个并列关系的词、短语或分句。
它连接主语时,谓语动词就近原则.
Neither you nor she has ever gone the USA. 你从来没去过那,她也没去过。
注:1.祈使句中and 表示那么,or表示否则
2.谓语就近原则there be,either?or?,neither?nor?,not only?but also
二、状语从句与连词
(1) 引导时间状语从句的连词:(时间状语从句服从主将从现)
Before(把我们说过的例句写下来让他们填), after, when/while/as, since(自从,用于完成时+since+过去时 ),not…until, as soon as(一。。就。。) 等。
① when和while用法区别:
while:She came in (点性)while I was doing(延续性)my homework. 我正在写作业的时候她进来了。
When: I was doing my homework when she came in.我正在写作业,这时他进来了。 ② not…until,前加点性动词。肯定句时用延续性动词
③as soon as 的主将从现I’ll tell her as soon as I see her. 我一见到她就告诉她。
(2) 引导条件状语从句的连词:(条件状语从句服从主将从现)
①if, 如果其引导的条件状语从句表示的前提或条件可以实现或正在进行,从句用现在完成时或进行时。I will give you a good price
if you are thinking of buying it.③ as long as, You’ll pass the exam as long as you work harder.
④ unless等。 You’ll fail in the exam unless you work harder.
⑤ 祈使句+and/or+陈述句意义上相当于条件状语从句
(3) 引导原因状语从句的连词:because, as, since, for等。
注意:如果原因是人们已经知道的事实,用since引导,有既然的意思
(4) 引导目的`状语从句的连词:
①so that:He put on his glasses so that he could see it clearly.
②in order that :1.与so as to 用法相同
2.注意它与in order to的区别
(5) 引导结果状语从句的词:
such?that, so?that,
She is so lovely a girl that we all like her.
She is such a lovely girl that we all like her.
注:区别当名词前有many或much修饰时,用so而不用such (so much time)
(6) 引导地点状语从句的连词:where, wherever等。eg:
Sit wherever you like. 请随便坐。
(7) 引导让步状语从句的连词:though(一般位于句中), although(一般位于句首), even if,
whatever, wherever, whenever等。
Although he was tired, he kept on working. 虽然他很累,但仍继续工作。
(8) 引导比较状语从句的连词: than, as?as, more?than?, the+比较级,the+比较级等。
He doesn’t play half as well as his sister. 他演奏的水平不及他姐姐的一半。
Our city is smaller than that one. 我们的城市比那个城市小。