强调句型之我见
在中学英语教学中,提到强调句型时,通常指的是:“It be…that…”这一结构(简称It-type强调句)。这确实是一个非常有用的句型,在中学英语课本中也多次出现,例如:It is not only blind men who make such stupid mistakes.
It-type强调句的特征是:如果我们把“It be…that…”从句中划去,所剩的正好是一个完整的句子。例如,上面第一句经过处理后就成了: Not only blind men make such stupid mistakes. 它的意思仍然是完整的,只是强调意味已经失去。实际上“It be…that…”只不过是一个框架而已,它的各 部份在句子中均不担任成份。It-type句型强调状语时,有几个方面是必须注意的:
(1)条件,让步状语从句不能强调,例如:If it rains, we won't go out. 不能强调为:It is if it rains that we won't go out.
(2)It-type强调句可强调because引导的原因状语从句,但不可强调as, since引导的原因状语从句,例如:I do it because I like it.可强调为:It is because I like it that I do it.
(3)It-type强调句可强调so that引起的目的状语从句,但不能强调so that引起的结果状语从句,例如:The six blind men asked the driver to stop the beast so that they could have
a “look”. 可强调为:It was so that they could have a “look” that the six blind men asked the driver to stop the beast.(4)对由until引起的`短语或从句强调,要注意否定前移,例如:I didn't learn it until yesterday. 写成强调句型应该是:It was not until yesterday that I learned it.
在中学英语课本中还多次出现“What…be…”结构的句型(简称wh-type强调句),它同样具有很浓的强调意 味,例如:What we need is more time. 我们可以用对待It-type强调句的方法,把“What…be…”作为一个框架而划去,所剩的也是一个完整的句子 :We need more time. 不同的是,what和be在句子中都可以担任成份。上面这个句子可以看成是What引导一个主语从句,而be则是系动词,后接表语。What I feel is hungry.
wh-type强调句还可以通过使用代动词do来强调句中的谓语动词或作宾语补足语的非谓语动词,例如:What I did was (to) turn off the tap.另外也值得一提的是“A is A”这一结构的强调句型,这类句子的语势是很强的,例如: You are quite right. Teacher is teacher. 当名词前带有修饰语时,表语常含有“真正的”的意思,例如:Spoken English is English.
(作者单位系湖南省龙山县红岩中学)