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高考英语二轮语法专讲教案 第4讲 同位语从句 篇三
高考英语二轮语法专讲精品教案 第4讲 同位语从句
高考英语二轮语法专讲精品教案 第4讲 同位语从句 来源:中学学科网 一、理解同位语从句的含义,把握同位语从句的实质 在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般用that,whether,what, which, who,when, where, why, how 等词引导,常放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,wish, promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion,等抽象名词后面,说明该名词的具体内容。换言之,同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系,对其内容作进一步说明。 例:The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。 析:they had won the game说明The news的全部内容,因此该句为同位语从句。 二、正确运用同位语从句的引导词,准确把握同位语从句 1.如同位语从句意义完整,应用that引导同位语从句。(即that 不充当任何成分,只起连接作用) 例:The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。 析:the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部内容,且意义完整,因此应用that引导同位语从句。 2.如同位语从句意义不完整,需增加是否的含义,应用whether引导同位语从句。(if不能引导同位语从句) 例:Well discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。 析:the sports meeting will be held on time意义不完整,应加是否的含义才能表达the problem的全部内容,因此应用whether引导同位语从句。 3.如同位语从句意义不完整,需增加什么时候、什么地点、什么方式等含义,应用when,where,how等词引导同位语从句。 例1:I have no idea when he will be back. 析:he will be back意义不完整,应加什么时候的含义才能表达idea的全部内容,因此应用when引导同位语从句。 例2:I have no impression how he went home,perhaps by bike. 析:he went home意义不完整,应加如何的含义才能表达impression的'全部内容,因此应用how引导同位语从句。 4.当主句的谓语较短,而同位语从句较长时,同位语从句常后肢。 如:The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 他突然想到敌人可能已经逃出城了。 三、把握同位语从句和定语从句的区别,明确同位语从句和相似从句的界限 同位语从句和定语从句相似,都放在某一名词或代词后面,但同位语从句不同于定语从句。同位语从句对名词加以补充说明,是名词全部内容的体现,且名词和同位语从句的引导词均不在从句中作成分;定语从句说明先行词的性质与特征,与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系,且名词和定语从句的引导词均在从句中作成分。 区分时可以在先行词与与从句之间加一个系动词be,使之构成一个新句子,如果句子通顺且符合逻辑,则为同位语从句,反之,则为定语从句。 如:The report that he was going to resign was false. 他将辞职的传闻是假的。 因为the report was that he was going to resign 句意通顺,所以,that he was going to resign 是同位语从句。 例:Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.(NMET2001上海) A.while B.that C.when D.as 析:答案为B。more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities是Information的内容,且Information不在从句中作成分,所以该句为同位语从句。应将该句区别于: It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities,this is the information ____ has been put forward. A.what B.that C.when D.as 析:答案为B。that has been put forward为information的修饰性定语,且information在从句中作主语,所以该句为定语从句。