高中英语句子结构和成分分析(实用3篇)

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高中英语句子结构和成分分析 篇一

在高中英语学习中,句子结构和成分分析是一个非常重要的话题。句子结构指的是句子中各个成分之间的关系和排列方式,而成分分析则是指对句子中各个成分进行分类和分析。通过学习句子结构和成分分析,我们可以更好地理解句子的意思,提高我们的语言表达能力。

首先,让我们来看看英语句子的基本结构。一个简单的英语句子通常由主语、谓语和宾语构成。主语是句子中的主要主体,通常是一个名词或代词,谓语是句子中的核心动词,表示主语的动作或状态,而宾语则是动作的承受者或受益者。例如,在句子“I love you”中,“I”是主语,“love”是谓语,“you”是宾语。

除了主语、谓语和宾语之外,英语句子还可以包含状语、定语、补语等成分。状语是用来修饰动词、形容词或副词的成分,可以表示时间、地点、原因、方式等信息。定语是用来修饰名词或代词的成分,可以用来限定名词的范围或给出名词的特征。补语则是用来补充说明主语或宾语的信息,通常是形容词、名词、代词等。通过合理使用这些成分,我们可以使句子更加丰富和生动。

另外,在英语句子中还有一些特殊的句子结构,如倒装句、强调句等。倒装句是指主语和谓语的位置颠倒,通常出现在疑问句、条件句、感叹句等句型中。例如,“Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset.”强调句则是通过特殊的结构来强调句子中的某个成分,通常是通过“it is…that”或“被强调的部分+be+动词不定式”来实现。例如,“It was Mary who won the first prize.”

总的来说,通过学习句子结构和成分分析,我们可以更好地理解和运用英语句子,提高我们的语言表达能力。希望同学们能够认真学习这一知识点,不断提升自己的英语水平。

高中英语句子结构和成分分析 篇二

在高中英语学习中,句子结构和成分分析是我们必须掌握的基本知识。句子结构是构成句子的基本框架,而成分分析则是对句子中各个成分进行分类和分析,帮助我们更好地理解句子的意思。

首先,让我们来看看英语句子中的主要成分。主语是一个句子中最重要的成分,它通常是句子中的主要主体,可以是一个名词、代词或动词不定式。谓语是句子中的核心,表示主语的动作或状态,通常是一个动词或动词短语。宾语是动作的承受者或受益者,可以是名词、代词或动词不定式。

除了主语、谓语和宾语之外,英语句子还包含其他成分,如状语、定语、补语等。状语可以用来修饰动词、形容词或副词,表示时间、地点、原因、方式等信息。定语可以用来修饰名词或代词,限定名词的范围或给出名词的特征。补语则是用来补充说明主语或宾语的信息,通常是形容词、名词、代词等。

此外,英语句子中还有一些特殊的句子结构,如倒装句、强调句等。倒装句是指主语和谓语的位置颠倒,通常出现在疑问句、条件句、感叹句等句型中。强调句则是通过特殊的结构来强调句子中的某个成分,使句子更加生动和有趣。

总的来说,通过学习句子结构和成分分析,我们可以更好地理解和运用英语句子,提高我们的语言表达能力。希望同学们能够认真学习这一知识点,不断提升自己的英语水平。

高中英语句子结构和成分分析 篇三

  篇一:高中英语句子结构、成分分析

  句子成分(Members of a Sentence) There be 结构: There be 表示?存在有?。这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词

  什么叫句子成分呢?句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,词与词之间有?there那里?混淆。此结构后跟名词,表示?(存在)有某事物? 试比较:There is a 一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分boy there.(那儿有一个男孩。)/前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词?那里?。 由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定基本句型 三: S V O (主+谓+宾) 语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。 不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。

  英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 是构成宾语的代词必须是?代词宾格?,如:me,him,them等 S│V及物动词│O

  1. Who │knows │the answer?2. She │smiled │her thanks. 英语五种基本句型列式如下:

  3. He │has refused │to help them.4. He │enjoys │reading. 一.SV(主+谓)二:SVP(主+系+表)三:SVO(主+谓+宾)

  5. They │ate │what was left over.6. He │said │"Good morning." 四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)

  7. I │want │to have a cup of tea. 8. He │admits │that he was mistaken. 基本句型 一:S V (主+谓)

  主语:可以作主语的成分有名词,主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。基本句型 四: S V o O (主+谓+间宾+直宾) 主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,如:give给,pass递,bring带,show显示。这两谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及个宾语通常人为间接宾语;物为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。一物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come.般的顺序为:动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。如:Give me a cup of tea,please. 此句型的句子有一个共同点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词强调间接宾语顺序为:动词 + 直接宾语 +介词+ 间接宾语。如: 叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。S│V 不及物动词) Show this house to Mr.Smith. 若直接宾语为人称代词:动词+ 代词直接宾语 +介1. The sun │was shining. 2. The moon │rose. 3. The universe │remains.词 + 间接宾语。如:Bring it to me,please. S│V及物│o多指人)│O(多指物) 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 5. Who │cares? 6. What he said │does not matter. 1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress. 2. He │brought │you │a dictionary. 7. They │talked for half an hour. 8. The pen │writes smoothly 3.She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal. 4. He │denies │her │nothing.

  5. I │showed │him │my pictures.6. I │gave │my car │a wash. 基本句型 二: S V P (主+系+表)

  此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,7. I │told │him │that the bus was late. 8. He │showed │me │how to run the machine. 必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。基本句型 五: S V O C (主+谓+宾+宾补) 这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况;此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。 语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词:look 宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻上的主谓关系,它们一起构成复合宾语。 S │V(是系动词)│ P His face │turned │red. 名词/代词宾格 + 名词The war made him a soldier. 1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner │smells │good./代词宾格名词 + 形容词New methods make the job easy.3. He │fell │in love.4. Everything │looks │different.5.He│is growing │tall and strong.名词/代词宾格 + 介词短语I often find him at work. 6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money.7. Our well │has gone │dry. 名词 / 代词宾格 + 动词不定式The teacher ask the students to close the windows.

  名词/代词宾格 + 分词 I saw a cat running across the road. S │V(及物)│ O(宾语) │ C(宾补)

  1. They │appointed │him │manager. 2. They │painted │the door │green. 3. This │set │them │thinking. 4. They │found │the house │deserted. 5. What │makes │him │think so? 6. We │saw │him │out.

  7. He │asked │me │to come back soon. 8. I │saw │them │getting on the bus.

  但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短,这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外,通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语(modifier)而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词(主要是形容词、副词和数词),也可以是各种类型的短语(主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语)。我们称之为:定语、状语

  名词、动名词、动词不定式、分词等充当。如The ones who really want it are ourselves.

  They are brother and sister. What I want to say is this. Her father is sixty-five.John is captain of the team.The poor boy was myself.

  All you need do is to take a taxi from the airport.My favourite sport is swimming. 常用作连系动词:① 变成,变得:become, come, fall, get, go, grow, run, turn

  口诀:好是come,坏是go;天气、外貌慢慢grow; 流水、金钱缓缓run;颜色、天气大不同turn;Get become口语化,如果要说就用它.

  Come 一般表示事物由坏变好,结果是好的。如:Dreams come true.

  Go一般表示事物由好变坏。It's such a hot day today that this dish has gone smelly.Grow 表示逐渐变化,强调的是缓慢变化的过程,后面往往接表示天气或外貌变化的静态形容词。如:I want to grow old with you. 英语句子(sentence)=主语+谓语(核心:主动词)英语句子成分歌

  Run其主语多为能流动能消耗的东西Still water runs deep.静水深流。 英语句子八呀八大块,主谓宾表真呀真实在;补语跟着宾语表语跑, 与grow对应。

  Turn多接表示颜色和天气的形容词,侧重于表达与之前大不相同。 定语同位(语)专把名词踹。状语的位置它自由自在,忽右忽左随心所欲摆。浑

  The weather suddenly turned hot. In spring the trees turn green, the flowers come out. 身的毛病真呀真不少,前后乱窜它还会加塞。(RAP)

  Getecome在口语表达时用得比较多,但这二者相比,become相对正式些,其主

  一、主语 句子一般要有主语。

  语既可以是人也可以是物。如:He got angry on hearing the news.听到这个消息,他

  在简单句中,主语一般由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式(短语) 来充当。动名

  变得很生气。总之,不管英语多么“变”化多端,万“变”不离其宗。

  词、动词不定式作主语时通常用 it 作形式主语。

  系词be它有三,am is are ,我(I)用am,you(你)用are,is 用于他她它;单

  ■名词作主语English is very important. The students all love their English teacher.

  数is,复数are,认真做题不出差。(否句be后not加,疑问句,be句首,句尾?

  ■代词They go to school by bus. Most of the students come from the countryside.

  不要丢。)② 保持某种状态:Continue, keep, lie, remain, stand, stay.

  ■动名词作主语Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. It?s no use regretting it.

  ③ 看起来,好像:Appear, look, seem.④ 感官动词:Feel, smell, sound, taste.

  ■动词不定式(短语)作主语To see is to believe. It is very hard to get to sleep.

  四、宾语

  二、谓语 谓语必须由动词充当,但动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语动词

  宾语是行为动作的对象,一般可分为动词宾语和介词宾语,充当宾语的可以是名

  不能作谓语。可作谓语的动词一般为行为动词(表动作)和连系动词(表状态),行为

  词、代词、动名词、动词不定式或整个句子。如:

  动词根据其后是否可直接接宾语,又可分为及物动词和不及物动词。

  I like Chinese food. I bought a ticket for Milan. I enjoyed talking to you.

  ■及物动词作谓语We should help each other. They respect one another.

  Have you finished dressing? He certainly did not want to join them.

  All of the students like the novel.Did you see many people there?

  They decided to close the border.We hoped that all would come well.

  ■不及物动词作谓语He left here yesterday. The teacher came in, book in hand.

  We expected that you would stay for a few days.

  You?re driving too fast.He went abroad in the September of 1988.

  “七给”一“带”to不少,“买”画“制作”for来了。

  ■连系动词表状态He is an excellent teacher. Her son is a friend of ours.

  带双宾语的及物动词,如果把直接宾语置于间接宾语之前,必须在变换时“to”或

  三、表语

  “for”。这11个及物动词可以概括为下边两句话,读起来妙趣横生,效果很好

  表语与连系动词连用,构成系表结构,说明主语的身份或特征,一般由形容词、

  1、“七给”(give, pass, lend, write, show, send, hand)和“带”(bring)8个及物动词,在

  直接宾语前置时,必须在后面加上“to”。即“vt. + sth. + to + sb.” 如:He lent some money to me.类似动词的还有get,mail,offer,owe(借),pay,promise,read,sell,take,teach 2、“buy”(买);“draw”(画);“make”(制作)三个动词,在直接宾语前置时,则必须在后边加“for”,构成“vt. + sth. + for + sb.”。Mother bought a new dress for me。类似的动词还有:build,choose, cook, cut, do, find, fix,leave,order(订购),reach等。 3、当直接宾语是代词时,间接宾语for和to于直接宾语之后 Richard made it for him。Give it to me。

  4有些动词后可单独用直接宾语、间接宾语或双宾语如ask,teach,tell,owe, pay.I asked John. I asked a question. I asked John a question.

  5、 suggest,explain,introduce,mention,deliver,announce等动词后必须跟介词to,不能进行直接宾语与间接宾语的转换。Could you explain your point of view to us? =Could you explain to us your point of view?

  6、 易错的动词:抢劫/偷某人某物:Rob/steal sb. sth (错误)

  正确的说法:rob sb of sthsteal sb from sth.类似的cure sb of illness 治愈某人疾病 rid sb of sth 从----中除去(不好的东西 supply sb with sth 供给某人某物 provide sb with sth 给某人提供某物 accuse sb of sth 控告某人某事 cheat sb of sth 骗取某人某物 inform / advise sb of sth 通知某人某事 remind sb of sth 是某人想起某事 warn sb of sth 警告某人某情况 charge sb with sth 指责某人某事 五、定语

  一、 定语:定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用?……的?表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时,(如:something、nothing);或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时,则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。

  His father is a doctor.Mr. Green has two sons.The girl under the tree is Kate. The man downstairs couldn?t sleep well. I bought a new dictionary.

  Can you find out the answer to the question? Would you like something to drink?A barking dog seldom bites. 吠狗很少咬人。A man going to die is always kind-hearted. 人之将死,其言也善。The suggestion sent to the committee was adopted. Do you know the man who is standing next to Mr. Green?

  形容词作定语:Tom is a handsome boy. There is a good boy.

  The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy;blue修饰名词pen.)/

  数词作定语相当于形容词:There are two boys in the room. Two boys need two pens.The two boys are students.

  代词或名词所有格作定语:His boy needs Tom's penHis name is Tom. There are two boys of Toms there.

  介词短语作定语:There are two boys of 9,and three of 10.

  The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.The boy in blue is Tom.

  名词作定语:The boy needs a ball pen. It is a ball pen. There is only one ball pen 副词作定语:The boy there needs a pen.The best boy here is Tom. 不定式作定语:The boy to write this letter needs a pen.。

  The boy to write this letter is Tom. There is nothing to do today.

  分词(短语)作定语:The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother. The pen bought by her is made in China. There are five boys left.。

  定语从句:The boy you will know is Tom. There are five boys who will play the game. The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday. 六、状语:

  状语在句子中的位置很灵活,常见情况为:通常在句子基本结构之后,强调时放在句首;修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前;表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首,地点状语一般须在时间状语之前;一些表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前。有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义应注意,如The boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成?男孩喊教室里的女孩(?此时in the classroom为girl的定语),也可以理解为?男孩在教室里喊女孩(?此时in the classroom为地点状语),最好写作?In the classroom,the boy calls the girl.' 副词(短语)作状语:The boy needs a pen very much.(程度状语) The boy really needs a pen.(程度状语)

  The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen.(时状)介词短语作状语:In the classroom,the boy needs a pen.(地点状语) Before his mother,Tom is always a boy.(条状)

  分词(短语)作状语:He sits there,asking for a pen(表示伴随状态) Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen.(原因状语) Frightened,he sits there soundlessly./((原因状语)

  不定式作状语:The boy needs a pen to do his homework.(目的状语)

  To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business. 名词作状语:Come this way!/走这条路!(方向状语)

  英语中的状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词,主要由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词充当,或由连词引导状语从句,表示时间、地点、程度、目的、方式,比较、让步、条件、原因、结果、伴随等。

  (1) 时间状语I often get up at 5:30 in the morning.

  Hearing the news, they felt very excited.Go along this street until you reach the end. (2) 地点状语 Pandas only live in China. You should put the book where it was. (3) 程度状语I have quite a lot of work to do.

  (4) 目的状语We?ll go to the beach for a picnic this Sunday. He took some change from his pocket to buy a newspaper. She got up early so that she could catch the first bus.

  (5) 方式状语We usually go to school on foot. Please do it as I told you. (6) 让步状语Though she has a lot of money, she is unhappy. No matter what happens, I will never lose heart.

  (7) 条件状语If you don?t work hard, you?ll fall behind the others. Given more attention, the flowers would have grown better.

  (8) 比较状语Your watch is not the same as mine. Mike is not as (so) tall as Jack. (9) 原因状语We didn?t go to the park because of the bad weather. I?m glad to meet you. Being ill, he didn?t go to school. (10) 结果状语He left early, so that he caught the train. The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward.

  (11) 伴随状语The doctor hurried off, with a medicine box under his arm. The teacher came into the classroom, followed by a group of his students. 七、宾语补足语

  宾语补足语主要用来补充说明宾语,与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系,可由名词、形容词、动词不定式、分词等充当。如:

  Tom found the climb quite easy.Don?t be so formal. Call me Jim. I?m finished. Let?s go now. You must keep it clean.

  I have the car waiting.We had the machine repaired. Why don?t you have your hair cut? He had his finger cut.

  I had my watch stolen yesterday. I have a lot of work to do.

  She has plenty of clothes to wear. He made me repeat the story. Rain makes plants grow. 注意:后跟名词作宾语补足语的动词有 call, name, think, make, choose 等,后跟形容词作宾语补足语的谓语动词有 keep, find, get, think, make 等。动词不定式作宾语补足语时,当谓语动词为感官动词(如 feel, see, hear, notice, watch, observe, listen to, look at 等),使役动词(如 let, have, make 等),动词不定式不带 to。 八、同位语:同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分,近乎于后置定语。如:We students should study hard. / (students是we的同位语,都是指同一批?学生?)We all are students. / (all是we的同位语,都指同样的?我们?)九、独立成分:有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分,称为句子独立成分(注意:区别于分词独立结构)。感叹词:oh,hello,aha,ah,等肯定词yes否定词no称呼语:称呼人的用语。插入语:一些句中插入的 I think , I believe,等。

  如: The story,I think,has never come to the end.情态词,表示说话人的语气(多作为修饰全句的状语):perhaps也许,maybe大概,actually实际上,certainly当然,等。 十、分词独立结构:分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致! 否则应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词独立结构。

  例:错句:Studying hard,your score will go up.正确:(1) Studying hard,you can make your score go up.或 (2)If you study hard,your score will go up.

  解析:错句中分词studying没有自带逻辑主语,则其逻辑主语就是句子的主语,既your score . 显然做study的应是人,不应是your score(分数). 正确句(1)更正了句子的主语,使其与分词逻辑主语一致( 同为you );正确句(2)则使用条件分句带出study的主语,(不过已经不是分词结构了). 分词独立结构常省略being,having been.不过?There being...?的场合不能省略.如:

  Game (being) over,he went home. He stands there,book (being) in hand. 独立结构还可用with、without引导,作状语或定语。这种结构不但可以用分词,还可以用不定式、形容词、介词短语、副词或名词等。如:

  With nothing to do,he fell asleep soon. The teacher came in,with glasses on his nose. 句子成分练习题( 一 )

  (一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词(4分, 4分钟)

  ① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ② There is an old man coming here.

  ③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.

  ④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.

  (二) 选出句中谓语的中心词(10分, 10分钟)

  ① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. Picture D. wall ② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. daysD. summer

  ③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C.go D. bus ④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.

  A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon

  ⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A.Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast ⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.A. Tom B. didn't C. do D. his homework ⑦ What I want to tell you is this.A. wantB. to tellC. youD. is ⑧ We had better send for a doctor. A. We B. had C. send D. doctor ⑨ He is interested in music. A. is B. interested C. inD. music ⑩ Whom did you give my book to? A. give B.did C. whom D. book (三) 挑出下列句中的宾语(10分,10分钟)

  ① My brother hasn't done his homework.② People all over the world speak English. ③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. ④ How many new words did you learn last class?

  ⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? ⑥ The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. ⑦ They made him monitor of the class.

  ⑧ Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. ⑨ You will find it useful after you leave school.

  ⑩ They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is. (四) 挑出下列句中的表语(5分, 5分钟)

  ① The old man was feeling very tired. ② Why is he worried about Jim?

  ③ The leaves have turned yellow.④ Soon They all became interested in the subject. ⑤ She was the first to learn about it.

  (五) 挑出下列句中的定语(6分,6分钟)

  ① They use Mr, Mrs with the family name.② What is your given name? ③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.

  ④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. ⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.

  ⑥ I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!

  (六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语(6分, 6分钟)

  ① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. ② He asked her to take the boy out of school.④ They call me Lily sometimes. ③ She found it difficult to do the work. ⑤ I saw Mr Wang get on the bus. ⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now? (七) 挑出下列句中的状语(8分, 8分钟)

  ① There was a big smile on her face.② Every night he heard the noise upstairs. ③ He began to learn English when he was eleven. ④ The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.

  ⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. ⑥ She loves the library because she loves books.

  ⑦ I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.

  ⑧ The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine. (八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语(5分, 5分钟)

  ① Please tell us a story.② My father bought a new bike for me last week. ③ Mr Li is going to teach us history next term.

  ④ Here is a pen.Give it to Tom.⑤ Did he leave any message for me? 答案 (一)① teacher ② man ③ dictionary④ To do

  (二)① B② A ③ C ④ A ⑤ C ⑥ C ⑦ D ⑧ C⑨ A⑩ A

  (三)①homework. ②English. ③attention ④words ⑤to go swimming ⑥ he was ill.⑦ him monitor⑧bridge museum⑨ it school. ⑩ who"Father Christmas"really is.(四)①tired.②worried ③yellow.④interested ⑤the first

  (五)① family②given③third ④ some ⑤downstairs⑥ of the other shoe!

  (六)①to read newspapers and books ②to take the boy ③ difficult④ Lily⑤ get on the bus ⑥ playing football

  (七)① on her face. ②Every night③ when he was eleven.

  ④ too fast.⑤ With the medicine box under her arm⑥ because she loves books.⑦ if you?ve lost it⑧ to see the other machine.

  (八)① us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语② me, 间接宾语 a new bike, 直接宾语 ③ us, 间接宾语 history, 直接宾语

  ④ Tom, 间接宾语 it, 直接宾语 ⑤ me, 间接宾语 message, 直接宾语

  篇二:高中英语句子成分分析

  句子成分(Members of a Sentence)

  什么叫句子成分呢?句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。

  英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。

  英语五种基本句型列式如下: 一: S V (主+谓) 二: S V P (主+系+表) 三: S V O (主+谓+宾)

  四: S V o O (主+谓+间宾+直宾) 五: S V O C (主+谓+宾+宾补)

  2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains.宇宙长存。

  4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who │cares? 管它呢?

  6. What he said │does not matter.他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。

  基本句型 二: S V P (主+系+表)

  此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻 S │V(是系动词)│ P

  1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。 2. The dinner │smells │good. 午餐的气味很好。 3. He │fell │in love. 他堕入了情网。 4. Everything │looks │different. 一切看来都不同了。 5. He │is growing │tall and strong.他长得又高又壮 6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。

  7. Our well │has gone │dry.我们井干枯了。 8. His face │turned │red. 他的脸红了。

  There be 结构: There be 表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际

  基本句型 一:S V (主+谓)

  主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!

  谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come.

  此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。

  S │ V (不及物动词)

  1. The sun │was shining. 太阳在照耀着。

  意义,不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。此结构后跟名词,表示‘(存在)有某事物’

  试比较:There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩。)/前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词‘那里’。

  若直接宾语为人称代词:动词+ 代词直接宾语 +介词+ 间接宾语。如:Bring it to me,please.

  S │V(及物)│ o(多指人) │ O(多指物)

  1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。 2. She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal. 她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。

  3. He │brought │you │a dictionary. 他给你带来了一本字典。 4. He │denies │her │nothing. 他对她什么都不拒绝。 5. I │showed │him │my pictures. 我给他看我的照片 6. I │gave │my car │a wash. 我洗了我的汽车。

  7. I │told │him │that the bus was late. 我告诉他汽车晚点了。 8. He │showed │me │how to run the machine. 他教我开机器。

  基本句型 三: S V O (主+谓+宾)

  此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如:me,him,them等 S │V(及物动词)│ O

  1. Who │knows │the answer? 谁知道答案? 2. She │smiled │her thanks. 她微笑表示感谢。 3. He │has refused │to help them. 他拒绝帮他们。 4. He │enjoys │reading. 他喜欢看书。

  5. They │ate │what was left over. 他们吃了剩饭。 6. He │said │"Good morning." 他说:"早上好!" 7. I │want │to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。 8. He │admits │that he was mistaken. 他承认犯了错误。

  基本句型 五: S V O C (主+谓+宾+宾补)

  此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。

  宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系,它们一起构成复合宾语。 名词/代词宾格 + 名词

  The war made him a soldier./战争使他成为一名战士. 名词/代词宾格 + 形容词

  New methods make the job easy./新方法使这项工作变得轻松.名词/代词宾格 + 介词短语

  I often find him at work./我经常发现他在工作.名词/代词宾格 + 动词不定式

  The teacher ask the students to close the windows./老师让学生们关上窗

  基本句型 四: S V o O (主+谓+间宾+直宾)

  有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,如:give给,pass递,bring带,show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人,为间接宾语;一个指物,为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。 一般的顺序为:动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。如:Give me a cup of tea,please.

  强调间接宾语顺序为:动词 + 直接宾语 +介词+ 间接宾语。如: Show this house to Mr.Smith.

  户.

  名词/代词宾格 + 分词

  I saw a cat running across the road./我看见一只猫跑过了马路. S │V(及物)│ O(宾语) │ C(宾补)

  1. They │appointed │him │manager. 他们任命他当经理。 2. They │painted │the door │green. 他们把门漆成绿色 3. This │set │them │thinking. 这使得他们要细想一想。

  4. They │found │the house │deserted. 他们发现那房子无人居住。 5. What │makes │him │think so? 他怎么会这样想? 6. We │saw │him │out. 我们送他出去

  7. He │asked │me │to come back soon. 他要我早点回来。 8. I │saw │them │getting on the bus. 我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。

  但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短,这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外,通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语(modifier)而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词(主要是形容词、副词和数词),也可以是各种类型的短语(主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语)。我们称之为:定语、状语

  小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。

  Tom is a handsome boy./Tom是个英俊的男孩。 There is a good boy./有个乖男孩。 数词作定语相当于形容词:

  Two boys need two pens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔。 The two boys are students./这两个男孩是学生。 There are two boys in the room./房间里有两个男孩。代词或名词所有格作定语:

  His boy needs Tom's pen./他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。 His name is Tom./他的名字是汤姆。

  There are two boys of Toms there./那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。介词短语作定语:

  The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours./教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。

  The boy in blue is Tom./穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。

  There are two boys of 9,and three of 10./有两个9岁的,三个10岁的男孩。名词作定语:

  The boy needs a ball pen./男孩需要一支圆珠笔。 It is a ball pen./这是一支圆珠笔。

  There is only one ball pen in the pencil box./这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。副词作定语:

  The boy there needs a pen./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。 The best boy here is Tom./这里最棒的男孩是Tom。不定式作定语:

  The boy to write this letter needs a pen./写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。 The boy to write this letter is Tom./将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆。

  一、 定语:定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句

  子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时,(如:something、nothing);或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时,则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。 形容词作定语:

  The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy;blue修饰名词pen.)/

  There is nothing to do today./今天无事要做。分词(短语)作定语:

  The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother./那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。

  The pen bought by her is made in China./她买的笔是中国产的。 There are five boys left./有五个留下的男孩。定语从句:

  The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday./那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。

  The boy you will know is Tom./你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。

  There are five boys who will play the game./参加游戏的男孩有五个。

  The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother./男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔。(宾语较长则状语前置)

  The boy really needs a pen./男孩真的需要一支钢笔。(程度状语) The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen./男孩现在需要一支钢笔。(时间状语)

  介词短语作状语:In the classroom,the boy needs a pen./在教室里,男孩需要一支钢笔。(地点状语)

  Before his mother,Tom is always a boy./在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语)

  On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom./星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语)分词(短语)作状语:

  He sits there,asking for a pen./他坐在那儿要一支笔。(表示伴随状态) Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen./因为不得不完成作业,男孩需要一支笔。(原因状语)

  Frightened,he sits there soundlessly./(因为)受了惊吓,他无声地坐在那儿。(原因状语)不定式作状语:

  The boy needs a pen to do his homework./男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。(目的状语)

  To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business./为实现梦想,汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣.名词作状语:

  Come this way!/走这条路!(方向状语)状语从句:

  时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状

  二、状语:状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明方式、因果、

  条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。

  状语在句子中的位置很灵活,常见情况为:通常在句子基本结构之后,强调时放在句首;修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前;表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首,地点状语一般须在时间状语之前;一些表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前。

  有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义,应注意,如:The boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成‘男孩喊教室里的女孩‘(此时in the classroom为girl的定语),也可以理解为‘男孩在教室里喊女孩’(此时in the classroom为地点状语),最好写作‘In the classroom,the boy calls the girl.'

  副词(短语)作状语:

  The boy needs a pen very much./男孩非常需要一支钢笔。(程度状语)

  语从句

  、比较状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句

  解析:错句中分词studying没有自带逻辑主语,则其逻辑主语就是句子的主语,既your score . 显然做study的应是人,不应是your score(分数). 正确句(1)更正了句子的主语,使其与分词逻辑主语一致( 同为you );正确句(2)则使用条件分句带出study的主语,(不过已经不是分词结构了). 分词独立结构常省略being,having been.不过‘There being...’的场合不能省略. 如:

  Game (being) over,he went home.

  He stands there,book (being) in hand. 独立结构还可用with、without引导,作状语或定语。这种结构不但可以用分词,还可以用不定式、形容词、介词短语、副词或名词等。 如:

  With nothing to do,he fell asleep soon./无事可做,他很快就睡着了。 The teacher came in,with glasses on his nose./老师进来了,戴着一付眼镜。(注意,此句on his nose不可省略!)

  三、同位语:同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加

  以说明的成分,近乎于后置定语。如:

  We students should study hard. / (students是we的同位语,都是指同一批‘学生’)

  We all are students. / (all是we的同位语,都指同样的‘我们’)

  四、独立成分:有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分,

  称为句子独立成分(注意:区别于分词独立结构)。 感叹词:oh,hello,aha,ah,等。 肯定词yes 否定词no

  称呼语:称呼人的用语。

  插入语:一些句中插入的 I think , I believe,等。

  如: The story,I think,has never come to the end./我相信,这个故事还远没结束.

  情态词,表示说话人的语气(多作为修饰全句的状语):perhaps也许,maybe大概,acturely实际上,certainly当然,等。

  句子成分练习题( 一 )

  (一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词(4分, 4分钟)

  ① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ② There is an old man coming here.

  ③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.

  ④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult. (二) 选出句中谓语的中心词(10分, 10分钟) ① I don't like the picture on the wall.

  A. don'tB. like C. picture D. wall ② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longerC. daysD. summer

  五、分词独立结构:分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致!

  否则应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词独立结构。 例:

  错句:Studying hard,your score will go up.

  正确:(1) Studying hard,you can make your score go up. 或 (2)If you study hard,your score will go up.

  篇三:高一英语句子成分分析

  高中英语学习从这里开始

  一、认识初高中英语的区别:

  即将开始的高中学习生活,特别是英语的学习是与初中阶段有着很大不同:

  1.课本编排上的区别:初中的每一个单元是分为4课的,每篇中有的是对话,有的是阅读文,也配有一些练习。

  而高中的每个单元并不分课,而是基本上按版块划分,大体为“Warming up”(热身),然后为“listening”(听力)和“speaking”(说), “Reading”(阅读)。

  2. 在词汇上的区别:高中词汇比初中词汇近成三倍的增加,对词性变化、用法及搭配的考查增强。

  3. 在所学语法上的区别:在初中阶段我们把基础的语法内容已经学习过了,而在高中我们要学习的是更深更高层次的语法。如定语从句,非谓语动词、名词性从句,倒装结构、虚拟语气等等,高中阶段的学习会比之前的所学内容复杂得多,所以我们要充分利用暑假把之前的漏洞弥补好,在后面的学习中,我们也会一起与大家重温这些知识并将之与高中内容做一对比,为大家步入高中学习打好基础。

  4. 在课堂

  要求上的区别:大部分的初中对学生的要求还是比较严格的,而这种严格与小学又是不同的,所以有一部分自觉性差的学生就被分化出来,在稍微宽松的环境中,对自己要求降低导致了滑坡的出现,而升入高中后又会有新的变化,对于自律要求就更加明显了。如果你是按照老师要求做的学生,那么在高中除了把基本要求做好之外,自己一定不可放松,适当增加课外阅读及一些课外习题是有必要的;如果你是不太自觉的学生,那么你要努力改掉自己的毛病,除了完成要求交给老师的作业,那些如读、背等要求也要认真完成才能使自己的高中英语学习逐步走上轨道。不管你属于哪一种,都要持之以恒,千万不可因为任何原因而放松对自己的要求,即便是你已取得了一定成绩,也没有理由沾沾自喜。

  5. 在考试评估制度上的区别:这一区别可能是影响最大的一点,我们许多同学初中英语一直较差的原因在很大程度上是由于初中这种不正常的考试制度,很多人认为英语不用下功夫学,反正最后背背答案就可过关,这样成绩不错,学得也很轻松。一旦抱有这种想法,初中这个重要的打基础的阶段就被荒废过去了,这对我们升入高中后的英语学习是极为不利的,这就好比是建造没有基础的空中楼阁,肯定会感到很难,很吃力。进入高中之后我们的考试是没有范围的,不能靠背答案过关,而且所学所考的内容应该都是向高考看齐的,难度肯定不小,但同学们也不要害怕,只要认真努力,坚持不懈,做好充分迎接失败的心理准备,然后在每次经历中吸取经验,一点点地弥补自己的不足,肯定会取得很好的成绩。

  二、从“跟着学”到“主动学”——养成良好的学习习惯

  1.使用工具书的习惯。选择一本英汉双解词典做自己的良师益友,遇到词汇方面的疑问不被动地等待教师解答,学会自己查字典。同时,自备一本好的英语语法工具书,养成经常翻阅的习惯,在口、笔头实践中使学生有意识地运用所学的语法知识,正确地理解语言和运用语言。

  2.预习的习惯。初中英语教师对预习要求,初中生对预习也不陌生。但到高中,随着英语课文篇幅的加长,内容增多,难度加大,如果没有搞好预习就适应不了课堂的教学进程。

  3.朗读的习惯。外语不光是文字,它首先是语言。语言是要讲要读的。而我们学外语又缺少环境,所以朗读是很必要的。朗读既可以练口语,又可以帮助记忆。因此要求学生能开口读,养成朗读的习惯。

  4.学会做笔记。在做笔记时,要分清课堂内容的主次地位,采取“有重点、有选择”的记录原则,着重记本节课的重点和难点内容。另外,要注意对笔记不断进行系统化整理。英语知识极其丰富,但十分零散琐碎,这就需要我们借助笔记把有关知识归纳综合,系统起来。

  5.复习的习惯。

  (1)每上完一堂课,及早抽出一定时间整理笔记,把当天上课的内容在脑子中过一遍,以加深印象。

  (2)上完一篇课文,尽量能背诵全文或能复述大意。

  (3)落实文中重点词、词组、句型和语法的用法,要求能举一反三,灵活应用,多做造句练习。

  (4)学会自己分析试卷,找出自己学习上的缺陷,制订弥补学习漏洞的措施。

  (5)要求备一本“错题集”,每次考试后勤做错题积累工作,对每次练习、作业、考试中出现的错误都要及时认真地进行整理,把错误原因弄明白,以免下次再出同样的错误;同时提高改错的目的性和自觉性。这样,学习中的每一个问题就会及时得以解决,学习就会步步顺利。

  一、句子成分

  (一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。

  (二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。

  例:划出下列句子的主语,并在括号内写出它的词性或充当的是什么从句。

  1. During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.( )

  2. We often speak English in class.( )

  3. One-third of the students in this class are girls.()

  4. To swim in the river is a great pleasure.( )

  5. Smoking does harm to the health.( )

  6. The rich should help the poor.( )

  7. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.( )

  8. It is necessary to master a foreign language.( )

  (三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:

  1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。

  如:He practices running every morning.

  2、复合谓语: (1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。

  如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold.

  (四)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如:

  例:划出下列句子的表语,并在括号内写出它的词性或充当的是什么从句。

  1. Our teacher of English is an American.( )

  2. Is it yours?( )

  3. The weather has turned cold.( )

  4. The speech is exciting.( )

  5. Three times seven is twenty one?()

  6. His job is to teach English.( )

  7. His hobby(爱好)is playing football.()

  8. The machine must be out of order.( )

  9. Time is up. The class is over.()

  10. The truth is that he has never been abroad.()

  (五)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。

  例:划出下列句子的宾语,并在括号内写出它的词性或充当的是什么从句。

  1. They went to see an exhibition(展览)yesterday.( )

  2. The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.()

  3. How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.( )

  4. They helped the old with their housework yesterday.( )

  5. He pretended not to see me.( )

  6. I enjoy listening to popular music.( )

  7. I think(that)he is fit for his office.()

  宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),

  例如:Lend me your dictionary, please.

  (2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:They elected him their monitor.

  (六)宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。

  例:划出下列句子的宾语补足语,并在括号内写出它的词性或充当的是什么从句。

  1. His father named him Dongming.()

  2. They painted their boat white.()

  3. Let the fresh air in.( )

  4. You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.( )

  5. We saw her entering the room.()

  6. We found everything in the lab in good order.( )

  7. We will soon make our city what your city is now.( )

  (七)定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示:

  例:划出下列句子的定语,并在括号内写出它的词性或充当的是什么从句。

  1. Guilin is a beautiful city.( )

  2. China is a developing country; America is a developed country.( )

  3. There are thirty women teachers is our school.( )

  4. His rapid progress in English made us surprised.( )

  5. Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.()

  6. The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.()

  7. He is reading an article about how to learn English.()

  (八)状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。可由以下形式表示:

  Light travels most quickly.(副词及副词性词组)

  He has lived in the city for ten years.(介词短语)

  He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.(不定式短语)

  He is in the room making a model plane.(分词短语)

  Wait a minute.(名词)

  Once you begin, you must continue.(状语从句)

  在括号内写出下列状语种类:

  How about meeting again at six?()

  Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.( ) I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.()

  Mr Smith lives on the third floor.( )

  She put the eggs into the basket with great care.( )

  She came in with a dictionary in her hand.( )

  In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.() He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.( )

  She works very hard though she is old.( )

  I am taller than he is.()

  二、简单句、并列句和复合句

  (一)句子种类两种分类法

  1、按句子的用途可分四种:

  1)陈述句(肯定、否定):He is six years old; She didn’t hear of you before.

  2)疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意):

  Do they like skating? How old is he?

  Is he six or seven years old?

  Mary can swim, can’t she?

  3)祈使句:Be careful, boys.

  Don’t talk in class.

  4)感叹句:How clever the boy is!

  2、按句子的结构可分三种:

  1)简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。

  e.g. He often reads English in the morning.

  Tom and Mike are American boys.

  She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.

  2) 并列句:由并列连词(and, but, or等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。

  e.g. You help him and he helps you.

  The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。

  3)复合句:含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。

  复合句包含:名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等。

  判断出下列句子是什么从句

  1. ________从句: what he said is right.

  2. ________从句: I don’t know when he will leave.

  3. ________从句: The question is whether he will come.

  4. _______从句: I know the fact that he is married.

  5. _______从句:The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.

  6. _______从句:I didn’t go to bed until I finished my homework.

  7. _______从句:If it is fine tomorrow, we will go swimming.

  (二)简单句的五种基本句型

  1、主语+系动词+表语:e.g. He is a student.

  2、主语+不及物动词:e.g. We work.

  3、主语+及物动词+宾语:e.g. Hey bought a dictionary.

  4、主语+及物动词+双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语):e.g. My father bought me a car.

  5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语(宾语+宾补):e.g. Tom made the baby laugh.

  注:其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。

  (三)并列句的分类

  1、表示连接两个同等概念,常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。e.g. The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is John.

  2、表示选择,常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise等。

  e.g. Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train.

  3、表示转折,常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。

  e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.

  4、表示因果关系,常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。

  e.g. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.

  Module five:法场点兵

  一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分: 1. The students got on the school bus. 2. He handed me the newspaper. 3. I shall answer your question after class. 4. What a beautiful Chinese painting! 5. They went hunting together early in the morning. 6. His job is to train swimmers. 7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. 8. There is going to be an American film tonight. 9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. 10. His wish is to become a scientist. 11. He managed to finish the work in time. 12. Tom came to ask me for advice. 13. He found it important to master English. 14. Do you have anything else to say?

高中英语句子结构和成分分析(实用3篇)

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