染雾英语语法之句子的成分 篇一
在英语语法中，句子的成分是构成句子的基本要素，每个成分都有其独特的功能和特点。句子的成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
首先，主语是句子中起名词性作用的成分，通常是句子的动作的执行者，也可以是句子主要讨论的对象。例如，在句子“John is reading a book.”中，“John”就是主语。
其次，谓语是句子中起动词性作用的成分，表示主语的动作、状态或属性。在上面的例子中，“is reading”就是谓语。
接着，宾语是句子中受动作影响的对象，可以是直接宾语或间接宾语。在句子“John is reading a book.”中，“a book”就是直接宾语。
此外，定语是修饰名词或代词的成分，用来描述或限制名词的意义。在句子“the big house”中，“big”就是定语。
再者，状语是修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的成分，用来说明时间、地点、原因、方式等。例如，在句子“Mary sings beautifully.”中，“beautifully”就是状语。
最后，补语是补充说明主语或宾语的成分，用来使句子的意思更加完整。例如，在句子“John is a doctor.”中，“a doctor”就是补语。
总的来说，句子的成分相互之间存在一定的关系，各自承担着不同的语法功能，共同构成一个完整的句子。掌握句子的成分对于理解和运用英语语法是非常重要的，希望以上内容能够帮助读者更好地理解句子的构成和功能。
英语语法之句子的成分 篇二
句子的成分在英语语法中起着至关重要的作用，它们共同构成了句子的基本结构，使句子具有完整的意义和表达能力。在句子的构成中，各个成分之间存在着一定的搭配和关系，下面将逐一介绍各个成分的特点和功能。
首先，主语是句子中最重要的成分之一，它通常是句子的主题或话题，起名词性作用。主语可以是一个名词、代词或名词性短语，用来指代动作的执行者或主要讨论的对象。
其次，谓语是句子中必不可少的一部分，它表示主语的动作、状态或属性。谓语通常由动词构成，可以是及物动词、不及物动词、系动词等，用来说明主语的行为或状态。
接着，宾语是句子中受动作影响的对象，可以是直接宾语或间接宾语。宾语通常是名词、代词或名词性短语，用来说明动作的对象或受事物。
此外，定语是用来修饰名词或代词的成分，用来描述或限制名词的意义。定语通常在名词前面，用来说明名词的性质、特征或属性，使句子更加具体和生动。
再者，状语是修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的成分，用来说明时间、地点、原因、方式等。状语可以是副词、介词短语、从句等，用来补充说明句子的情况或条件。
最后，补语是用来补充说明主语或宾语的成分，使句子的意思更加完整和准确。补语通常是形容词、名词或副词，用来进一步说明主语或宾语的特征或属性。
总的来说，句子的成分之间相互依存，各自承担着不同的语法功能，共同构成了句子的基本结构和意义。掌握句子的成分对于正确理解和运用英语语法是非常重要的，希望以上内容能够帮助读者更好地掌握句子成分的特点和功能。
英语语法之句子的成分 篇三
英语语法之句子的成分
一、句子成分
（一）句子成分的定义：
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分，语法复习一：句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
（二）主语：
主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的`形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）
We often speak English in class.（代词）
One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）
Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）
The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）
It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）
（三）谓语：
谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：
1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.
2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.
（四）表语：
表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如：
Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）
Is it yours?（代词）
The weather has turned cold.（形容词）
The speech is exciting.（分词）
Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）
His job is to teach English.（不定式）
His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）
The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）
Time is up. The class is over.（副词）
The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）
（五）宾语：
宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：
They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）
The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词）
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词）
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）
He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）
I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）
I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）
宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.
（六）宾语补足语：
英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：
His father named him Dongming.（名词）
They painted their boat white.（形容词）
Let the fresh air in.（副词）
You mustn't force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）
We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）
We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）
We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）
（七）定语：
修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：
Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词）
There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词）
His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）
He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）
（八）状语：
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：
Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）
He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语）
He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）
Wait a minute.（名词）
Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）
状语种类如下：
How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）
Last night she didn't go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语）
I shall go there if it doesn't rain.（条件状语）
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语）
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语）
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）
She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语）
I am taller than he is.（比较状语）
练习
一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：
1. The students got on the school bus.
2. He handed me the newspaper.
3. I shall answer your question after class.
4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!
5. They went hunting together early in the morning.
6. His job is to train swimmers.
7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
8. There is going to be an American film tonight.
9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.
10. His wish is to become a scientist.
11. He managed to finish the work in time.
12. Tom came to ask me for advice.
13. He found it important to master English.
14. Do you have anything else to say?
15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.
16. Would you please tell me your address?
17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.
18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.
19. He noticed a man enter the room.
20. The apples tasted sweet.
二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（-）、谓语（＝）、宾语（～）：
I hope you are very well. I'm fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesn't often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.
