染雾抱歉，我无法完成这个任务。
中职高考英语试题解题技巧 篇三
高考阅读理解信息匹配的 7 选 5 题型，主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。
从题型和内容我们可以看出，选项可分为：a.主旨概括句(文章整体内容)b.过渡性句子(文章结构)c.注释性句子(上下文逻辑意义)三类。其多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三方面进行设置，如主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。
一、题型分析
分析篇章结构，把握全篇文脉是阅读填空题解题的关键。分析文章的层次包含两种形式：一种是分析整篇文章的层次，也就是段落，另一种是分析每一个段落内部的层次，也就是语篇层次。
语篇与段落是有区别的，语段是篇章结构的中间层次，是由句子到篇的一种过渡形式，段落是在某些语体(如记叙文、议论文)中比语段更大的意义单位，较小的段落可以只包括一个语段或一个句子，一般来说，一个段落通常由几个语段构成。构成语段的方式有两种，一是靠句际间意义的结合，二是靠句际间的关联词，逻辑性插入语来连接，在分析语段层次时，可以借助句际间的连接词语作出判断，但最主要的还是要真正体会句际间的意义关系，把握作者的思路，从语序上去发现断续点，理清层次，好文章的层次非常清晰，只有层层入手，才能真正理解文章。
如下以 2009 年高考英语辽宁卷为样题进行分析: 第二节(共 5 小题:每小题 2 分, 满分 10 分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Taking good notes is a time-saving skill that will help you to become a batter student in several ways71 Second,your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test. Third, note-taking offers variety to your study time and helps you to hold your interest.
You will want to take notes during classroom discussions and while reading a textbook or doing research for a report.72 Whenever or however you take notes, keep in mind that note-taking is a selective process.73
The following methods may work best for you.
●Read the text quickly to find the main facts and ideas in it.
●Carefully read the text and watch for words that can show main points and supporting facts.
● Write your notes in your own words.
● 74
● Note any questions or ideas you may have about what was said or written.
As you take notes, you may want to use your own shorthand(速记). When you do, be sure that you understand
your symbols and that you use them all the time.75
A. Use words, not complete sentences.
B. There are three practical note-taking methods.
C. You must write your notes on separate paper.
D. Otherwise, you may not be able to read your notes later.
E. you will also want to develop your own method for taking notes.
F. That means you must first decide what is important enough to include in your notes.
G. First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember it.
答案：GEFAD 分析：这篇文章整体分为四个段落层次，每个段落均由几个语段构成相对独立地语义单位，各段都围绕“Taking good notes”这样一个中心话题，形成了文章的线性结构。
第一段讲述的是做笔记是好学生在多方面的一项省时技巧，第二段讲述的是不管何时、用何种方法做笔记，都要有选择性的做记录，第三段讲述的是做笔记的最佳方法，第四段讲述的是要记住自己的速记符号，这就形成了文章的层次结构，这对下一步的做题有了明确的整体方向。
二、解题策略
1.理清句际间的关系
文章的内容是根据各层各段的大意有机地组合而成，各个层次，各个段落之间不管怎样错落有致，但它所表达的内容都是要围绕中心的，各句之间都有一定的语脉，从逻辑意义上来看，语段的句际关系可分为平列、顺序、层递、转折、总分、解释、因果等关系。构成语段的各个句子之间有时可以包含一种以上的句际关系。因此，理解阅读材料时一定要把握语脉，理清句际间的关系，进而理解语段或全文的内容。
2.找出句子之间的连接性的词语
文章的语句间的组合，除了从语句间的意义关系分析外，还可借助句子之间的连接性词语来把握，因为连接性词语能表明这个语段句与句之间、层与层之间的基本关系有：
承接关系(如 so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result 等)
平列关系(如first, second, third…; firstly, secondly, thirdly…; first, next, then…; in the first place, in the second place…; for one thing, for another thing…;to begin with, to conclude 等)。如文中的选项 71，由 Second、Third 得知应选表示平列关系的句子 G.项。
转折关系(如 however, nevertheless, nonetheless, still, though, yet, in spite of, at any rate, in any case, whoever,whatever on the contrary, in contrast, by contrast, in comparison, by comparison, conversely, otherwise 等)。比如选项 75，与前句构成了转折关系，故应选 D 项答案。
层递关系(如 also, further, furthermore, likewise, similarly, moreover, in addition, what’s more, too, either, neither
解释关系，如 73 选项应选 F.选项，与 74 选项平等的，是一组祈示句，而非陈述句，故应选 A.项而非 B项。
三、实施步骤
对一个语段或语篇的分析，可以按以下步骤进行：
1.通读全文对文章进行快速浏览，寻找主题句，抓住文章结构及文章的写作内容。
在阅读过程中，要注意文章的开始与结束段落，尤其是文章的首段及末段末句，因为“开门见山”与“结尾总结”的写作方式为常见的写作方式，首段的末句一般是是全文的主题所在，说明本文将探讨哪些内容，并简要指出文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式进行呈现。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义，如果它是文章的主题句，就可以使读者迅速明确文章情节将如何展开，并对文章的写作主题有了整体的了解。如果末句不是主题句，则需要继续寻找。这时，可以考虑文章的写作方式是否为“结尾总结”式，如两者均可排除，则需在文章中其他段落寻找主题句，但要注意，首段与末段的提示作用。
2.详读段落在短时间内，找出每段写作内容的关键词。明确各段的主题句或主旨大意。
文章正文部分通常分为若干小段落。各段落会根据整体文章写作主题展开，对文章主体进行的不同方面的描述。找出各个小段落中的关键词，明确其描述内容，为整体试题的解决做好铺垫。
3.定位选项明确各备选选项的含义，抓住其关键词语，根据文章整体结构与具体内容，将选项填入文中，填写时尤为注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段及句中的衔接标志词。
在定位选项时，要特别注意空格上下段的写作内容，以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的结构和意义。将所选项放入空白处，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。
4.通读复检将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构。
在完成选项定位后，应通读全文，检查文章内容是否完整，语义是否连贯合理、各段落内容是否紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，仔细甄别，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。
要特别注意，除非有充分的理由否定向前的选择，否则不要仓促更改。只要前两步投入了精力，动了脑筋，第一印象往往可信度很高。
5.确定排除研究多余选项，确定排除理由，最终确定答案。
延伸阅读
中职高考英语练习试题：完形填空
The rays of the sunlight shone on my grandmother’s face. For just a moment she closed her eyes as if 1 the sunlight to warm her entire body. When one’s 2 is approaching its end,I 3 that all the bitterness and the boring moments will become meaningless.
My grandmother opened her eyes 4 ,saying,“Don’t live your life without living it. I worked too hard. I 5 many things because I was trying to make a 6 tomorrow for my family. What is a good tomorrow if you 7 missing today?”
She closed her eyes once more as if allowing what she said to marinate (浸泡) within me. I realized that she was 8 her life as if she were a bystander. I knew that when my grandmother spoke those words to me,she was feeling 9 . Though we cannot change the past,we can 10 the future.
As a college graduate,I knew my grandmother was showing me another 11 tool to add to my defense against this sometimes harsh world.
That night,I slept the soundest sleep I ever had. A sense of 12 fell over me that I hadn’t felt in a long while. My 13 ,cares and concerns seemed weightless and were 14 by the words of my grandmother:“Don’t live your life without living it.”
I was 15 woken out of a sound sleep by my mother. Before she muttered the words through sobs and 16 ,I knew why she was 17 me.
Later that morning as I sat at the kitchen table,a single tear ran down my face. Through the window,a ray of sunlight 18 me inside out. I knew it was a hug from my grandmother. And I knew that for the rest of my life her 19 would reverberate (回响) in my thoughts. She had given me the best 20 I had ever had.
1.A.persuading B.ordering C.encouraging D.allowing
2.A.treatment B.life C.course D.term
3.A.remember B.joke C.imagine D.suggest
4.A.carefully B.finally C.slowly D.instantly
5.A.learned B.missed C.gained D.broke
6.A.better B.clearer C.busier D.longer
7.A.consider B.keep C.mind D.avoid
8.A.ending B.changing C.reviewing D.standing
9.A.happy B.anger C.sympathy D.regret
10.A.face B.have C.influence D.judge
11.A.heavy B.new C.expensive D.valuable
12.A.peace B.duty C.beauty D.right
13.A.worries B.satisfactions C.dangers D.surprises
14.A.sorted B.replaced C.recorded D.attracted
15.A.quickly B.luckily C.regularly D.suddenly
16.A.astonishment B.blames C.tears D.complaints
17.A.comforting B.teaching C.waking D.saving
18.A.turned B.warmed C.moved D.dried
19.A.promises B.words C.congratulations D.descriptions
20.A.advice B.method C.lecture D.chance
【语篇解读】
本文作者告诉我们:如果你不好好地对待你的生活,它将会遗弃你。我们不能改变昨天,但我们能影响未来。
【答案及解析】
1.D 此时她闭上眼睛,听任(allowing)阳光温暖全身。下文中She closed her eyes once more as if allowing what she said to marinate (浸泡) within me.可作提示。
2.B 由下文I knew that for the rest of my life可知应选life。
3.C 当一个人的生命将要走到尽头,我认为(imagine)所有的痛苦和无聊的时刻将变得毫无意义。
4.C 祖母慢慢地(slowly)睁开了眼睛。
5.B 由上下文可知,祖母由于工作和家庭原因,自己错过(missed)的太多。
6.A 根据句意和下文What is a good tomorrow可知,祖母一直为了家人有更加美好的(better)明天而奋斗。
7.B 假如你总是错过今天,那怎么会有一个更好的明天呢?keep doing sth.意为“一直做某事”。
8.C 这时我意识到她在回顾(reviewing)她的一生。
9.D 由上文可知,祖母此时心中有些遗憾(regret)。
10.C 我们虽不能改变过去,但我们可以影响未来。influence此处意为“影响”。
11.D 我意识到,面对这一有时极其残忍的世界,祖母又为我留了一件有价值的(valuable)工具。
12.A 由上文I slept the soundest sleep I ever had可知,作者内心的平静。a sense of peace平静的感觉。
13.A worries与其后的cares,concerns为近义词。
14.B 内心所有担心、顾虑变得无足轻重,这一切被祖母的话替代(replaced)。
15.D 由下文可知,我突然(suddenly)被母亲唤醒。
16.C 哭泣和眼泪并列,故选tears。
17.C 我知道母亲唤醒(waking)我的理由。
18.B 一缕阳光温暖了(warmed)我全身。
19.B 由上下文可知,是祖母的话不断地在内心深处回响。
20.A 祖母给我讲的话“Don’t live your life without living it.”是给我一生最好的 呢?应是教诲或建议。故选项A正确。
【疑难词汇解读】
1.harsh adj.严厉的,严酷的
He received a harsh punishment from his history teacher yesterday. 昨天他受到历史老师严厉的惩罚。
2.mutter v.轻声说话
He sat there shaking his head,muttering to himself.
他坐在那儿摇着头,小声地自言自语。
【长难句子分析】
When one’s life is approaching its end,I imagine that all the bitterness and the boring moments will become meaningless.
句子为复合句,When one’s life is approaching its end为时间状语从句,that all the bitterness and the boring moments will become meaningless为宾语从句。
句意:当一个人的生命将要走到尽头,我认为所有的痛苦和无聊的时刻将变得毫无意义。
