染雾翻译书籍的英文格式范文推荐26篇 篇一
Title: A Guide to Translating Books: English Format Examples
Introduction:
Translating books requires a specific set of skills and knowledge. Understanding the English format is crucial for producing high-quality translations that resonate with the target audience. In this article, we will provide you with 13 examples of English format translations for various genres of books. These examples will serve as a guide to help you master the art of translating books into English.
1. Fiction: "The Shadow of the Wind" by Carlos Ruiz Zafón
Translator: John Smith
"The Shadow of the Wind" tells the story of a young boy who discovers a mysterious book that leads him into a labyrinth of secrets. John Smith's translation beautifully captures the essence of Zafón's prose, maintaining the suspense and intrigue that make this novel a page-turner.
2. Non-fiction: "Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind" by Yuval Noah Harari
Translator: Sarah Johnson
"Sapiens" explores the history of our species, from the emergence of Homo sapiens in Africa to the present day. Sarah Johnson's translation skillfully conveys Harari's complex ideas in clear and accessible language, making this profound book accessible to a wider audience.
3. Romance: "Pride and Prejudice" by Jane Austen
Translator: Elizabeth Thompson
Elizabeth Thompson's translation of Austen's classic love story captures the wit and charm of the original text. The British Regency era comes to life in this beautifully translated version, appealing to both fans of Austen and newcomers to the genre.
4. Science fiction: "Dune" by Frank Herbert
Translator: Robert Anderson
Robert Anderson's translation of "Dune" transports readers to a distant future where interstellar travel and political intrigue collide. Anderson's attention to detail and his ability to convey the complexity of Herbert's world-building make this translation a must-read for science fiction enthusiasts.
5. Mystery: "The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo" by Stieg Larsson
Translator: David Wilson
David Wilson's translation of Larsson's gripping thriller captures the tension and suspense of the original Swedish text. Wilson's attention to detail and his ability to convey the nuances of the characters' emotions ensure that readers are fully immersed in this dark and twisted tale.
6. Fantasy: "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone" by J.K. Rowling
Translator: Emily Roberts
Emily Roberts' translation of Rowling's beloved fantasy novel introduces English-speaking readers to the magical world of Hogwarts. Roberts' attention to detail and her ability to capture the whimsy and charm of Rowling's writing make this translation a delightful read for both children and adults.
7. Biography: "The Diary of a Young Girl" by Anne Frank
Translator: Michael Brown
Michael Brown's translation of Anne Frank's diary is a poignant and powerful account of a young girl's experience during the Holocaust. Brown's sensitivity and his ability to convey Anne's voice make this translation a heart-wrenching and important read.
8. Historical fiction: "The Pillars of the Earth" by Ken Follett
Translator: Richard Thompson
Richard Thompson's translation of Follett's epic historical saga transports readers to 12th-century England. Thompson's attention to detail and his ability to capture the political and social complexities of the time period make this translation a captivating journey through history.
9. Poetry: "The Waste Land" by T.S. Eliot
Translator: Laura Garcia
Laura Garcia's translation of Eliot's modernist masterpiece captures the rhythm and intensity of the original poem. Garcia's ability to convey the multiple layers of meaning in Eliot's work ensures that English-speaking readers can fully appreciate this iconic piece of literature.
10. Self-help: "The Power of Now" by Eckhart Tolle
Translator: Samantha Davis
Samantha Davis' translation of Tolle's spiritual guide offers English-speaking readers a transformative journey towards living in the present moment. Davis' ability to convey Tolle's teachings in simple and accessible language makes this translation a valuable resource for personal growth.
Conclusion:
Translating books into English requires a deep understanding of the language and its unique format. These examples of English format translations across various genres serve as a guide to help you navigate the intricacies of translating books. By studying these examples and honing your translation skills, you can produce English translations that captivate readers and faithfully convey the essence of the original text.
翻译书籍的英文格式范文推荐26篇 篇二
Title: Mastering English Format in Book Translation: 13 Examples to Inspire You
Introduction:
Translating books is an art that requires a thorough understanding of the English format. In order to produce translations that resonate with English-speaking readers, it is essential to master the nuances of the language. In this article, we will present you with 13 examples of English format translations for a variety of books, offering you valuable insights and inspiration to enhance your book translation skills.
1. Historical Fiction: "The Name of the Rose" by Umberto Eco
Translator: Sarah Thompson
Sarah Thompson's translation of Eco's masterpiece expertly captures the historical setting and intricate plot of the novel. Through her meticulous attention to detail, she successfully conveys the essence of the original text, making it a compelling read for English-speaking audiences.
2. Science: "A Brief History of Time" by Stephen Hawking
Translator: Michael Wilson
Michael Wilson's translation of Hawking's groundbreaking book makes complex scientific concepts accessible to a wider audience. His ability to convey Hawking's ideas in clear and concise English format ensures that readers can fully grasp the beauty and significance of the universe.
3. Fantasy: "The Lord of the Rings" by J.R.R. Tolkien
Translator: Emily Roberts
Emily Roberts' translation of Tolkien's epic fantasy saga transports readers to the enchanting world of Middle-earth. With her mastery of the English format, Roberts captures the essence of Tolkien's richly detailed narrative, immersing readers in a timeless tale of heroism and adventure.
4. Biography: "The Autobiography of Malcolm X" by Malcolm X
Translator: David Johnson
David Johnson's translation of Malcolm X's autobiography preserves the power and authenticity of the original work. By skillfully adapting the English format, he conveys Malcolm X's voice and experiences, allowing English-speaking readers to gain a deeper understanding of this influential figure.
5. Mystery: "Gone Girl" by Gillian Flynn
Translator: Samantha White
Samantha White's translation of Flynn's gripping thriller maintains the suspense and psychological twists that captivated readers in the original English version. Through her command of the English format, White successfully conveys the intricacies of the plot, keeping readers on the edge of their seats.
6. Poetry: "Leaves of Grass" by Walt Whitman
Translator: Laura Garcia
Laura Garcia's translation of Whitman's poetic masterpiece captures the beauty and rhythm of the original English verses. By skillfully adapting the English format, Garcia allows readers to experience the profound emotions and themes that make Whitman's poetry timeless.
7. Non-fiction: "The Art of War" by Sun Tzu
Translator: John Anderson
John Anderson's translation of Sun Tzu's ancient Chinese military treatise provides English-speaking readers with invaluable insights into strategy and leadership. By adapting the English format, Anderson ensures that the essence of Sun Tzu's teachings is preserved, making this translation a valuable resource for both scholars and practitioners.
8. Romance: "Romeo and Juliet" by William Shakespeare
Translator: Elizabeth Thompson
Elizabeth Thompson's translation of Shakespeare's tragic love story captures the beauty and intensity of the original dialogue. Through her mastery of the English format, Thompson brings to life the timeless tale of forbidden love, appealing to readers of all ages.
9. Self-help: "The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People" by Stephen R. Covey
Translator: Benjamin Lewis
Benjamin Lewis' translation of Covey's influential self-help book offers English-speaking readers a practical guide to personal and professional success. Through his adept handling of the English format, Lewis ensures that Covey's principles are conveyed effectively, empowering readers to transform their lives.
10. Science Fiction: "1984" by George Orwell
Translator: Robert Thompson
Robert Thompson's translation of Orwell's dystopian classic captures the chilling atmosphere and political commentary of the original English version. By skillfully adapting the English format, Thompson allows readers to fully immerse themselves in the dark and oppressive world of "1984."
Conclusion:
Mastering the English format in book translation is essential for producing high-quality translations that resonate with English-speaking readers. These examples of English format translations across various genres offer valuable insights and inspiration to enhance your book translation skills. By studying these examples and refining your understanding of the English format, you can create translations that faithfully convey the essence of the original text and captivate readers.
翻译书籍的英文格式范文推荐26篇 篇三
翻译书籍的英文格式范文 第一篇
I like reading very much. When I was a small girl，I was interested in reading picture books on science and history. At the age of seven，I entered a primary school and began to read more books.
Now I am a middle school student. I have many subjects to learn. Every day I must finish a lot of homework. I am very busy. But when I have spare time I still want to read some story books. One day my young sister brought me a book XI YOU read the book with great .
I like Monkey King very much.
有人说世界上钱最好，我认为读书最好，而且读书是无价宝。
读书是很重要的。首先，知识使社会进步，通过读书你可以得到各种知识，另外，读书使你成为一个合格人才，使你生活愉快。
活到老学到老。不管你什么时候意识到读书的'重要性，你都可以享受到余生读书的乐趣。热爱书吧，书是你的挚友
翻译书籍的英文格式范文 第二篇
This book is a very good book. It is about the life story of a poor child living in China. It is about how he lived and survived in such a bad environment and conditions.
I was moved by this story. The author uses many beautiful words in this book. His writing style is very exquisite, which makes the story much more interesting.
In addition, the inside of the book The content and plot are very wonderful. This book is worth reading. I hope you all like it.
中文翻译：
翻译书籍的英文格式范文 第三篇
Reading is an indispensable part of our life. This is what I think.
A book is a key to open the door of wisdom. A book is a boat, a sea of knowledge. A book is a ladder that climbs the peak of knowledge. A book is a torch, which can guide the way forward. A book is a torch, which can guide the way forward. A book is a light, which can illuminate the road to the future.
Zhu Xi said, _there are three ways to read. We should read the same way.
To tell the truth, I think reading is a virtue. Reading, making people thinking active, intelligent, reading, reading, open minded, open-minded and open-minded, reading, the eyes long, lofty ideals, reading, into the thought of wings, feelings blooming flower buds.
As the saying goes, _there is no book on a day, and everything is barren._ Only those who love to read can achieve great deeds. While we are playing, we should also think about reading.
Only when you really read, will you realize the pleasure and enjoyment of reading. Friend, read a book. Lets make a country that loves reading...
读书，这是我们生命中不可缺少的一部分。这是我的认为。
书是钥匙，能开启智慧之门。书是小船，开往知识的海洋。书是阶梯，能攀登知识之峰。书是火把，能指引前进之路。书是火把，能指引前进之路。书是明灯，能照亮未来道路。
朱熹说：“读书有三到，谓心到，眼到，口到。”我们读书也应该如此。
说真的，我认为爱读书，是一种美德。读书，使人思维活跃，聪颖智慧；读书，使人胸襟开阔，豁达晓畅；读书，使人目光远大，志存高远；读书，使入思想插上翅膀，感情绽开花蕾。
俗话说：“一日无书，百事荒芜。”只有去读书，爱读书的人才能成就大业！我们在玩的同时，也应该想一下读书。
只有真正读书了，你才会体会到读书的乐趣和享受。朋友，读书吧！让我们成就一个爱读书的国家……
翻译书籍的英文格式范文 第四篇
Knowledge can be acquired from many sources. These include books, teachers and practical experience, and each has its own advantages. The knowledge we gain from books and formal education enables us to learn about things that we have no opportunity to experience in daily life. We can study all the places in the world and learn from people we will never meet in our lifetime, just by reading about them in books. We can also develop our analytical skills and learn how to view and interpret the world around us in different ways. Furthermore, we can learn from the past by reading books. In this way, we wont repeat the mistakes of others and can build on their achievements.
Practical experience, on the other hand, can give us more useful knowledge. It is said that one learns best by doing, and I believe that this is true, whether one is successful or not. In fact, I think making mistakes is the best way to learn. Moreover, if one wants to make new advances, it is necessary to act. Innovations do not come about through reading but through experimentation. Finally, one can apply the skills and insights gained through the study of books to practical experience, making an already meaningful experience more meaningful. However, unless it is applied to real experiences, book knowledge remains theoretical and, in the end, is useless. That is why I believe that knowledge gained from practical experience is more important than that acquired from books.
获得知识的来源有很多，其中包括书本、老师，以及实际经验，而每一种都有其优点。从书本上及正规教育中所获得的知识使我们知道在日常生活中没有机会亲身去体验的事。通过读书，我们可以研究世界各地的资料，还可以向不曾谋面的人学习。我们也可以培养分析的技巧，并学习如何以不同的方式去观察并理解周围的世界。此外，我们可以通过读书，从历史中获取教训。如此一来，就不会再重复别人的错误，并且能够以他人的成就作为我们行动的基础。
另一方面，实际经验能够给我们更多有用的知识。大家都说从做中学的效果最好，我也认为的确如此，无论一个人成功与否。事实上，我认为犯错是最好的学习方式。此外，如果想要有新的进展，就必须要付诸行动。想要创新，只靠阅读是不够的，必须要去实践。最后，我们可以将通过读书所获得的技巧和见解应用于实际经验中，使得原本有意义的经验变得更有意义。不过，除非我们能将书本知识运用于实际经验中，否则书本知识终究仍只是理论，毫无用处。那就是为什么我会认为从实际经验中获得的知识比从书本中所得到的知识更为重要。
翻译书籍的英文格式范文 第五篇
1. 一本书籍要求测试翻译的量比较大，500字起，有些甚至2000字，或其中的一章节。
严肃对待测试稿，不要着急快，因为往往里面包含的历史、文化和相关的reference就够你查一个周的。
仔细检查自己的初稿译文，书籍都是意译，不能采取直译。所以一般翻译到书籍，特别是文学类的英汉翻译，不能使用CAT。建议用WORD和EXCEL和其他翻译工具。
简历简明扼要，但围绕自己翻译过或做过哪些翻译作品，因为涉及版权，可以省略全称或关键信息，但保证是自己独立完成的。
合同一般都是出版社的正规模板，仔细查看稿酬计算方式（中文千字，完全译文不删减），修稿、交稿、定稿时间和格式要求。最后也是千万别忘了，署名和乙方（译者）委托公司（翻译公司或传媒公司作为乙方）。
翻译书籍的英文格式范文 第六篇
摘要：众所周知，我国加入了世界贸易组织，近年来，打入中国市场的外企产品越来越多，商业广告是产品在市场竞争中的有利武器，所以，产品的广告宣传工作越来越重要。英语广告和汉语广告在修辞和遣词造句上既有差别又有一定的相似性。只有准确的掌握英语的语言特点，才能掌握英语的翻译技巧，才能使企业设计的英语广告符合读者的审美习惯，真正的表达出产品的特征，提高产品的知名度。
关键词：广告 英语 翻译
在经济全球化的今天，广告翻译问题成了企业在新时代需要解决的新问题。广告是一种竞争性的商业行为，它是一种促进消费的手段。笔者在本文中介绍了英语广告的语言特点，提出了一些英语广告翻译的技巧，广告翻译要充分考虑产品的内涵。
一、广告英语的语言特点
1、广告语言的词汇特点
2、英语广告的修辞特点
修辞是一种文字运用手法，它能够把语言准确、生动的表达出来。广告可以利用修辞提高自身的渲染力，修辞用的好，能起到事半功倍的作用，能使消费者更深刻的记住广告的内容。在广告中运用排比的修辞手法，能够增强语势，例如：No problem too business too smal1.这是IBM的广告，它的意思是再大的问题也能解决，再小的生意也可以做。除了排比以外，广告中还会采用拟人的修辞手法，例如：Unlike me，my Rolex never needs a rest，这是一则手表广告，它的意思是“和我不一样，我的劳力克斯从不需要休息”，这句广告语，赋予了手表生命，使手表变得人格化。
二、英语广告的翻译技巧
翻译是一种跨文化、跨语言的社会活动，要想保证译文和原文有同等的语言感染力、表现力，在对原文翻译的时候应该调整相应的语句和修辞，当然在调整语句的时候应保持“以目的语文化为价值取向”和“功能对等”的原则，这样，就能使翻译过来的广告与原文在功能上产生一样的效果，翻译出来的广告内容才符合消费者的审美心理和表达习惯。下面笔者具体介绍一下英文广告翻译的策略：
1、挖掘广告的原文意义，对英语广告进行创新性的翻译
挖掘广告的原文意义，可以更好的表达原文的意思，对英语广告进行创新性的翻译可以激起购买者的购买欲望，例如：Connectingpeopl和Elegance is an attitude。如果把这两句话翻译成“练习大众”和“优雅是一种态度”，消费者会不明白这则广告想要表达什么；如果把这两则广告进行增译、创译工作，把它们翻译成“科技以人为本”和“优雅态度，真我性格”就正真表达出了原文想要表达的意思。
2、对英语广告进行直译（Literal Translation）和意译（Free Translation）
翻译书籍的英文格式范文 第七篇
Since I go to school, I learn so many words. It opens the gate for me to know more about the world. I can read many books, such as the novel and travel books. They are my favorite types. I can broaden my vision and learn the persity of the world. I must study hard and read more books, so that I can explore the world.
我上学之后就学了很多字，这为我了解世界打开了大门。我读了很多书，比如小说和游记，它们是我最喜欢的书。我得以开阔眼界，了解世界的多样性。我必须努力学习，多读书，这样我才能探索世界。
翻译书籍的英文格式范文 第八篇
Today after breakfast, Ill sit idly in the desk, began writing assignments, write for a while, dont want to write, I will go to find a favorite book to read.
Read me not only happy, but one hundred times spirit, dont like doing his homework when lethargy. The advantages of reading more than only a few, I also gain a lot _baby_! - just read a story, let me know a secret: life if people force you, want to know a secret that you dont want to let others know, we can use our wisdom to get rid of him; On the other hand, we can even through the rhetoric you want to ask the secret of others (and, of course, we still dont go to peep at other peoples secret is better). After I read a story, I find myself in times a good mood, so I started to finish her homework.
Wrote another half an hour, on the side of a book is like a magnet attracted me. At this moment, my heart is very contradictory, I want to in their own heart to happily reading a book; And want to hurry up and finish the homework well. So, I seriously think: _I read the book for a while! Soon so I can harvest to a lot of knowledge, gain the knowledge I can better finish your homework. Ha! Ha! Just do it._
Happy to read the book for a moment, Ill take the time to finish all your homework, I began to read.
今天吃完早饭，我就懒懒地坐到了书桌旁，开始写作业，写了一会儿，不想写了，我便去找了一本自己喜爱的书来阅读。
阅读时我不仅心情愉悦，而且精神百倍，根本不像做作业时那样无精打采了。阅读的好处不仅仅只有这么点，我还收获到了很多“宝贝”呢!——刚读了一个故事，就让我知道了一个生存秘诀：如果别人逼问你，想知道一个你并不想让别人知道的.秘密时，我们可以用自己的智慧去摆脱他;反之,我们甚至还可以通过套话问出自己想得到的别人的那个秘密(当然，我们还是不要去窥视别人的秘密比较好)。看完一篇故事，我发现自已心情倍好，于是我又开始去完成自己的家庭作业了。
又写了半个钟头，放在旁边的书又像磁石一样吸引着我。这时，我心里很矛盾，我既想按照自己的心意去快快乐乐地看书;又想快点把家庭作业好好地完成。于是，我认真地想:“我快点看会儿书吧!这样我就可以收获到很多知识，收获到知识我就可以更好地完成作业。哈!就这样办。”
开心地读了一会儿书，我就抓紧时间把作业全都写完了——我又开始读书了。
翻译书籍的英文格式范文 第九篇
The great writer gorky once said: books are the ladder of human progress. He spoke such a truth: actually the human to hard climbing, climbing a ladder of books. The books are made of ladder above, is a resplendent and magnificent palace of knowledge, therefore, we must try to climb, to learn from.
Human knowledge to create wealth, as the vast ocean, extensive and profound. People often think of elementary school, middle school and university studies described as the everybody on climbing, in the university swim in. So, we should read more books and books to purify the mind, in the book knowledge to enrich themselves.
In our life, if always too passively reading, tend to be less than the pleasure of reading. With a scholarly paper, open a little tenderness, and then quietly looked at the text as time moves slip from your eyes... At this time, you will feel that reading is a matter of how to make people happy! Reading is a kind of mood, the elegant comfortable is the best psychological reagent. Go to the reading, you will have more found.
Read more books, read good books. Due to a selective reading of the book of knowledge also should have choice to adopt, is the so-called take its essence.
大作家高尔基曾经说过这样一句话：书是人类进步的阶梯。他其实说出了这样一个道理：人类要努力地攀登，攀登书籍的阶梯。而书籍做成的阶梯上面，是一座金碧辉煌的知识宫殿，所以，我们一定要努力地去攀登，去汲取。
人类创造的知识财富，如同浩瀚的海洋，博大精深。人们常把小学、中学、大学阶段的学习形容为在书山上攀登，在学海中遨游。所以，我们应该多读书，用书来净化心灵，用书中的知识充实自己。
在我们的生活中，如果总是太过于被动地去读书，往往是体会不到读书的乐趣的。捧一纸书香，打开一点温存的光，就那么静静地看着文字随着时间的舞步从你眼前滑过。这时，你就会感觉到，读书是一件多么让人快乐的事情!读书是一种心情，那一抹书香带来的舒坦是最好的心理试剂。去读书吧，你一定会有更多的发现。
多读书，还应读好书。读书要应有个选择性，对书本中的知识也要有选择的采纳，就是所谓取其精华。
翻译书籍的英文格式范文 第十篇
I like to read books, because a good book, contains a wealth of knowledge and good feelings. Reading a good book is across time and space, dialogue with wisdom and noble people.
Reading makes me rich knowledge, purify the soul. Book is the ocean of knowledge, it is gradually broadened my horizons, improve my ability. I have benefited a lot from reading this is self-evident.
Reading is a golden key for me open the door to knowledge, reading is like the sun light up bright future for me.
The book, not dull, inflexible. But like a person, lively and interesting. A good book is the best teacher, is a friend, is a partner. World writer gorky once said: _books are the ladder of human progress._
Because of this, I like reading, it makes my writing improve a lot, gave me a lot of harvest.
Love books! It will make you have a lot of harvest.
翻译：
我喜欢读书，因为一本好书，蕴含着丰富的知识和美好的情感。阅读一本好书就是跨越时间和空间，同睿智而高尚的人对话。
读书使我丰富了知识，净化了灵魂。书是知识的海洋，它在潜移默化之中开拓了我的眼界，提高了我的才干。读书使我受益匪浅这是不言而喻的。
读书是一把金钥匙为我打开知识宝库的大门，读书就像太阳为我照亮美好的前程。作文
书，不是枯燥的，呆板的。而是如同一个人一样生动，有趣。一本好书是良师，是益友，是伴侣。世界文豪高尔基曾经说过：“书是人类进步的阶梯。”
因为这样，我喜欢读书，它让我的写作水平提高了许多，给了我许多收获。
爱书吧!它会让你有许多收获。
翻译书籍的英文格式范文 第十一篇
As is well known, books teach us to learn life, truth, science and many other useful things. They increase our knowledge, broaden our minds and strengthen our character. In other words, they are our good teachers and wise friends. This is the reason why our parents always encourage us to read more books.
Reading is a good thing, but we must pay great attention to the choice of books. It is true that we can derive benefits from good books. However, bad books will do us more harm than good.
如众所周知，书籍教我们学习人生，真理，科学以及其它许多有用的东西，
关于读书的英语。它们增加我们的知识，扩大我们的心胸并加强我们的品格。换句话说，它们是我们的良师益友。这是为什么我们的父母终是鼓励我们要多读书的理由。
读书是一好事，但我们必须多加注意书的选择，我们能从好书中获得益处。然而，坏书却对我们有害无益。
翻译书籍的英文格式范文 第十二篇
My favorite book is how to make steel. This book tells the story of the protagonist Pavel Korchagin, who grew up from a poor and struggling boy to a proletarian revolutionary soldier who fought for the motherland and the people all his life. Paul, once a young clerk, stole a German pistol because of gaudy bullying, and was filled with gunpowder due to the rescue of zhuhelai prison After being uprooted on the battlefield, many revolutionary victories against the God of death transformed all their efforts into national development.
In the process, Paul showed the determination, courage and selfless dedication of a real proletarian revolutionary soldier. He dedicated his precious youth to the party and the people, and he still bravely took up his pen to serve the people even when he was paralyzed Spirit is an eternal flag. Paul's deeds and character enable every young person to learn from my favorite book.
To be honest, among all the books I have read in recent years, I find that only one that impresses me is a book written by Scottish writer lanrankin. She can always bring her wonderful stories and thrilling scenes to readers. The story is about the search and rescue story of a missing student in Edinburgh.
It tells how the detective finally finds the student, finds the evidence and finally catches the criminal. The whole novel is full of twists and turns. When I finished reading the end of the story, I couldn't help but shed tears.
I was looking forward to her new novel.
中文翻译：
我最喜欢的书是《钢铁是怎样炼成的》这本书讲述了主人公帕维尔·科尔查金从一个穷困潦倒、奋斗在最底层的男孩，成长为祖国和奋斗一生的无产阶级战士保罗曾经做过的年轻员，因为花哨的欺凌偷走了德国，由于救出朱贺来在硝烟弥漫的战场上被拔除，许多与死神抗争的胜利后把他们的全部心血转化为国家发展的过程中，保罗表现出了真正的无产阶级战士具有的决心、勇气和无私奉献的高尚品格，他把自己宝贵的青春献给党和，在瘫痪的情况下依然勇敢地拿起笔为服务，保罗的精神是永恒的一面旗帜，保罗的事迹和品格让每一个年轻人学习我最喜欢的书，老实说，在我这几年读过的所有书籍中，我发现只有让我印象深刻的是苏格兰作家兰兰金写的一本书，她总是能把她的精彩故事和惊险场面带给读者。故事讲述的是爱丁堡一名失踪学生的搜救故事，讲述了侦探如何最终找到了学生，找到了证据并最终抓住了罪犯的过程。整部小说充满了曲折，当我读完这个故事的结尾时，我忍不住流下眼泪，我期待着她的新小说。
翻译书籍的英文格式范文 第十三篇
People often say that gold and silver are the most valuable things in the
I dont think so. In my opinion, to read books is more valuable than anything else.
The old saying “To open a book is always helpful” clearly tells us how good it is to read a book.
Books are our friends. They introduce us different kinds of knowledge. They lead us down the road to success.
Books are our teachers. They teach us troth, science, literature, and philosophy of life. Besides, they increase our knowledge, enlarge our experience,strengthen our character and do many other things which we can not do without them.
Books tell us what is good and what is evil. And only books can tell the good from the bad.
Therefore to read more books is the best policy for our young students.
人们常说金子和银子是世界上最有价值的东西，但我不这样认为。在我看来，读书比任何其他事情更有价值。
“开卷有益”清楚地告诉了我们读书有多好。
书是我们的朋友。它们向我们介绍不同种类的知识，它指导我们沿着成功之路前行。
书是我们的老师。它们教我们真理、科学、文学和生活的哲理，同时它们增加了我们的知识，扩大了我们的视野，增强了我们的个性，使我们还做了在没有书的情况下绝不可能完成的其他事情。
书能让我们明辨是非，并且只有书才能让我们吸取反面教训。
因此，读更多的书是我们青少年学生的明智之举。
翻译书籍的英文格式范文 第十四篇
Since the childhood, I the most favorite thing to do is to study, I have read many books, there is always cuckoo , wu DiuDiuDe adventure , little fox buy gloves , and the window of small doug ...
There are many benefits for me to read. Can not only help me when doing the reading, a better understanding of the meaning of the article, and can be better for me to apply my good word, we can also let us learn a lot, understand a lot of sense. Read to make us happy! Reading let us have more laughter!
Among them, I most like to watch Madame Curie . Madame Curie is like us, since the childhood like intimate contact with nature, Copernicus was her model. Selfless great simplicity, humility, her character, persistent, hard work, perseverance, indomitable spirit, she found two elements, polonium and radium, she won two Nobel prizes. Who can imagine, she is the mother , radium gave great contribution to the wealth to the world, he even do research, could not afford to 1 gram of radium. As a great woman, she won the sympathy of the people of the world, support and respect.
Read the Madame Curie , I think I should learn from her, learning her not to difficultly lowers the head, she determined the indomitable spirit of hard. I m going to study hard, grow up to do a scientist like her.
Let us together, can read, read good books, good books!
从小到大的，我最喜欢做的事就是读书，我读过许许多多的书，有《永远的布谷鸟》、《乌丢丢的奇遇》、《小狐狸买手套》、还有《窗边的小豆豆》
对我来说读书有许多好处。不仅可以帮助我在做阅读的时候，更好的理解文章的意思，而且可以让我运用到更好的好词、好句，还可以让我们学到很多知识，明白很多道理。读书让我们快乐!读书让我们有更多的欢声笑语!
其中，我最喜欢看《居里夫人》。居里夫人也和我们一样，从小喜欢与大自然亲密接触，哥白尼曾是她的榜样。伟大无私的她、谦虚质朴的高尚品格，坚毅刻苦、锲而不舍的顽强精神，她发现了两种元素钋和镭，她一生获得了两次诺贝尔奖。有谁能想像，她是镭的母亲，将巨大的财富贡献给了全世界，自己却连做研究用的1克镭也买不起。作为一位伟大的女性，她赢得了世界人民的同情、支持和敬仰。
读了《居里夫人》，我觉得我应该向她学习，学习她不向困难低头，学习她坚毅刻苦的顽强精神。我现在要好好学习，长大做一个向她一样的科学家。
让我们一起：会读书、读好书、好读书吧!
翻译书籍的英文格式范文 第十五篇
格式：（美）William Ford等著． 数据结构C++语言描述（第2版）．陈君译．北京：清华大学出版社，2003。
根据《中国学术期刊（光盘版）检索与评价数据规范（试行）》和《中国高等学校社会科学学报编排规范（修订版）》的要求，很多刊物对参考文献和注释作出区分，将注释规定为“对正文中某一内容作进一步解释或补充说明的文字”，列于文末并与参考文献分列或置于当页脚地。
书写格式：
1 参考文献标标注方法和规则。
3 书名[M]出版地：出版社，出版年份：起止页码 书名[M] 出版地: 出版社, 出版年份: 起页码-止页码 Visser) 刘晓媛
翻译书籍的英文格式范文 第十六篇
Every year on April 23, is the annual world reading day. In this day, people all over the world will be in a book, serious and careful reading. Books are the ladder of human progress, reading has become an integral part of everyones life.
In ancient China, there are many celebrities reading stories, han kuang heng authentic wall steal light; CheYin of the eastern and southern liang sun kang capsule hotaru snow; There are famous ups hang beam, the sword of the shares, etc. The ancients did so, the present and when not to? A book is like a ship, lead us from narrow place, to the infinite vast ocean. Reading, is happy.
Another reading day arrived, as the name implies, reading is to lead us to read more books, read good books, learn more knowledge from the book, grow up to become a useful person to the country and the society.
Read more books, can we improve our writing level, germination out more writing inspiration; Read more books, can make you become a knowledgeable person; Read more books, make you smarter. Can read more books and broaden your horizons, broad your knowledge; Read more books, can also relax your mood.
Reading edify sentiment. Please love reading books, reading can make your life full of happiness!
每年的4月23日是一年一度的世界读书日。在这一天里，全世界的人们都会捧上一本书，认真、仔细的阅读。书籍是人类进步的阶梯，读书已经成为每个人的生活中不可或缺的一部分。
在我国古代，有许多名人读书的故事，汉朝匡衡的凿壁偷光;东晋车胤与南朝梁孙康的囊萤映雪;还有著名的目不窥园、悬梁刺股等。古人尚且如此，今人又何当不为?一本书就像一艘船，引领我们从狭隘的地方，驶向无限广阔的海洋。读书，是快乐的。
又一个读书日到来了，顾名思义，读书日就是要引导我们多读书，读好书，从书中汲取更多的知识，长大成为对国家、对社会有用的人。
多读书，可以提高我们的.写作水平，萌发出更多的写作灵感;多读书，可以使你成为一个知书达理的人;多读书，使你变得更聪明;多读书，可以开阔你的视野，广博你的见识;多读书，也可以放松你的心情。
读书陶冶人的情操。请热爱读书吧，读书能使你的一生充满快乐!
翻译书籍的英文格式范文 第十七篇
Dear Li Lei, I haven't heard from you for a long time. I am glad to tell you that I will visit Beijing this summer vacation. It is said that Beijing is a great city with a long history and more changes have taken place since the Olympic Games.
I'd like to know something about Beijing, such as the places of interest, the environment, the traffic and the flow of people there. I'm looking forward to your letter, Tommy. Dear Tommy, I'm glad you'll come to Beijing.
Beijing, the capital of China, is one of the largest cities in the world. There are many places of interest, such as the summer palace, the Forbidden City and the Great Wall. They are all beautiful and world-famous.
Great changes have taken place in Beijing since we successfully held the Olympic Games. Now, people pay more attention to the environment and plant more trees and flowers for traffic, which is very convenient for people to travel in Beijing, because several new subway lines have been built. If you come to Beijing, you will find that the people here are very friendly and helpful.
Besides, many people can speak English. Beijing is a charming city with a long history. I'm looking forward to hearing from you soon, Li Lei.
中文翻译：
亲爱的李磊，我好久没收到你的来信了。我很高兴地告诉你，今年暑假我将访问北京。据说北京是一座历史悠久的伟大城市，自从奥运会以来发生了更多的变化。
我想了解一下北京，如名胜、环境，那里的交通和人流我很期待你的来信，汤米，亲爱的汤米，我很高兴你会来北京。北京，中国的首都，是世界上最大的城市之一，有很多名胜，比如颐和园，紫禁城和长城都是美丽的，举世闻名。自从我们成功举办奥运会以来，北京发生了巨大的变化。
现在，人们更加关注环境，为交通种植了更多的树木和花卉，这对人们在北京旅游非常方便，因为几条新的地铁线路已经建成，如果你来北京，你会发现这里的人非常友好，乐于助人。而且，很多人都会说英语北京真是一个有着悠久历史的迷人的城市，我期待着很快收到你的来信，李雷。
翻译书籍的英文格式范文 第十八篇
Reading a hundred times, the meaning of its own. Wang Su, the great poet, said. I was greatly inspired by this sentence.
I like dreams. In dreams, there is always something unexpected in reality. Just like a book, every book is as sweet as honey, into the bottom of the heart, always can not help but recollection of the honey like sweet, feel a silk sweet sweet from the heart slowly surging from the heart, the book world, there are always a lot of good words, is calling your heart that a passion for reading.
Every time I write a composition, I have a lot of inspiration in my heart. Like bees and butterflies flying across flowers and flowing through the valleys, how can they not let you fall in love with books? To paint like that in a book and to knit that way. In my mind, I can see that butterflies are weaving fine nets in order to put fruit into the net. They work hard for all day, they are one of our workers.
Lang Langs sound of reading is better than that of beautiful music, better than the sound of wind and bamboo Xiao Xiao, better than the sound of time passing. Sunshine, sand, and ocean can go to such a place. It can be called a paradise for human beings.
Book, the treasure of man.
读书百遍，其义自现。大诗人王肃曾说。这句话使我受到了非常大的启发。
我喜欢梦。梦里，总会有现实中意想不到发生的事。正如书，每本书都像蜂蜜那样甜，融入心底，总是不禁回味起那蜜一样的甜，感到一丝丝蜜糖般的甜正从心里慢慢涌起，书的世界里，总有许多好词佳句，正在呼唤你心中的那一份份热爱读书的激情。
朗朗的读书声，胜过优美的音乐，胜过风吹竹萧萧之声，更胜过时间流逝的声音。阳光，沙滩，海洋，能去这样一个地方，可以称之为人之天堂。
书，人之宝典。
翻译书籍的英文格式范文 第十九篇
Its generally considered that reading do a lot of benefit to our only can it make our after-school life more meaningful and l,but it can expand our a result,with reading more,we would grow into a better person.
However, in current days,many of us spend most of the leisure time in playing games or surfing the internet,instead of reading. its a pity to find it less and less our students are interesting in reading,or have formed a habit of reading.
So,in order to revive reading,this beneficial activity,wed better take action right read together,learn together and grow !
人们普遍认为阅读做了很多有益于我们。不仅可以使我们的课余生活更加多彩，但能拓宽我们的视野，阅读更多，我们会成长为一个更好的人。
所以，为了振兴阅读，这种有益的活动，我们最好马上行动。让我们一起读，一起学习和成长!
翻译书籍的英文格式范文 第二十篇
_Book of medicine also, good reading can cure._ Yes, now the society, newspapers, books and periodicals are all used to convey information, if a person is not reading, dont know the world, to keep up with the pace of the world, will be abandoned by the world.
Now, many encyclopedias, such as: _hundred thousand whys_, the mystery of the world _and so on a wide variety, all kinds of books can give us many benefits, our world is so vast, some things in the world, and books have, encyclopedia like_ dumb teachers diligently teach us knowledge. Visible, how useful book! Also, we learn knowledge also want to use in our daily life, to be accurate and determine whether to do so, the right to enrich our knowledge, the outside is good for our healthy growth. You said, a lot of the benefits of reading?
Nowadays, more and more of the books in the library, we should also learn to read and appreciate books, should put the book back on the in situ after the play, not just throw the place. Also, we must find a give us the knowledge of books to read, dont look at those who are not good for our growth.
In short, the benefits of reading. Come on! Let us to soar in the sky of knowledge fully!
“书犹药也，善读之可以医愈。”是啊，现在的社会，全都是用报纸、书刊来传达信息的，如果一个人不读书，就不会了解世界，跟不上世界的步伐，就会被世界所抛弃。
现在，许许多多的百科全书，如：《十万个为什么》、《世界未解之谜》等等五花八门、各种各样的书籍都能给我们许许多多的好处，我们的世界那么广阔，世界上有的东西，书本上也会有，百科全书就像“哑巴老师”一样孜孜不倦地教我们知识。可见，书多么有用啊!而且，我们学到的知识也要在日常生活中运用，要准确无误地判断这样做是否合适，从而丰富我们的课外知识，有利于我们健康的`成长。你们说，读书的好处是不是很多呢?
如今，图书馆里的书越来越多，我们也要学会阅读和珍惜书本，看完后应该把书放回原位，而不是随便乱扔乱放。还有，我们一定要找给予我们知识的书阅读，不要看那些不益于我们成长的书。
总而言之，读书的好处数不胜数。来吧!让我们在知识的天空尽情地翱翔吧!
翻译书籍的英文格式范文 第二十一篇
On the weekend I like to spend time in library. I like reading books. There are many people in the library, but it is very quiet. Nobody talks in the room, only the sound of page turning. I’m very interested in the space, so I read a lot of books about space. Recently, I read the book Martian. It is about an astronaut Mark left on the Mars alone, he did many things to keep himself alive. After 549 solar days his crew mates came back to take him home. Mark is very tough to survive in Mars, he is a big hero. In the library I can read so many story and see the bigger world. I like library.
周末的时候我喜欢在图书馆里度过。我喜欢读书。图书馆里有很多人，但是很安静。没有人说话，只有翻书的声音。我对太空非常感兴趣，所以我读了很多关于太空的书。最近，我在读《火星救援》。这是关于一个宇航员马克被独自留在火星的故事，他为了求生做了很多事情。过了549个太阳日，他的队员重返火星带他回家。马克很坚强，得以在火星幸存，他是个英雄。在图书馆我可以读到很多故事，看到更大的世界。我喜欢图书馆。
翻译书籍的英文格式范文 第二十二篇
英文引用及参考文献格式要求如下：
参考文献(即引文出处)的类型以单字母方式标识,具体如下:
M——专著C——论文集N——报纸文章
J——期刊文章D——学位论文R——报告
对于不属于上述的文献类型,采用字母“Z”标识。
对于英文参考文献,还应注意以下两点:
②书名、报刊名使用斜体字,如:MasteringEnglishLiterature, EnglishWeekly。
扩展资料：
参考文献类型及文献类型，根据GB3469-83《文献类型与文献载体代码》规定，以单字母方式标识：
1、专著M ； 报纸N ；期刊J ；专利文献P；汇编G ；古籍O；技术标准S ；
2、学位论文D ；科技报告R；参考工具K ；检索工具W；档案B ；录音带A ；
3、图表Q；唱片L；产品样本X；录相带V；会议录C；中译文T；
4、乐谱I； 电影片Y；手稿H；微缩胶卷U ；幻灯片Z；微缩平片F；其他E。
扩展资料来源：百度百科_参考文献
翻译书籍的英文格式范文 第二十三篇
我的爱好很多很多，但我最喜欢读书。
I love a lot, but I most like reading.
我有一个大书房，房间里第一眼看到的就是书，书房里最显眼的也是我的书。只要有一本书，我就能从喧闹的环境中走出来，所以我的书房是宁静的。要是周末的话，其中九个小时我都会选择看书。为了不让他人打搅自己，我常常在门上贴着“闲人免进”的牌子。书的吸引力实在是太大了，它让我成了“小书虫”。
I have a big room, in the room the first sight is the book, the most prominent in the study and my book. As long as there is a book, I can go out from the noisy environment, so my study is quiet. If the weekend, including nine hours I would choose to read a book. In order not to let others bother me, I often stuck in the door, _Staff Only_ brand. The attraction is too big, it made me _little bookworm_.
书是我的宝贝，书是我的朋友，书是我的乐园。我爱读书!让我跳进这知识的海洋吧!
The book is my baby, the book is my friend, is my paradise. I love reading! Let me jump into the sea of knowledge!
如果你也是个“小书虫”，那和我一起去跟书赛跑吧!
If you are a _bookworm_, that I go with the book s race!
翻译书籍的英文格式范文 第二十四篇
根据参考资料类型可分为：
专著[M]，会议论文集[C]，报纸文章[N]，期刊文章[J]，学位论文[D]，报告[R]，标准[S]，专利[P]，论文集中的析出文献[A]，杂志[G]。
电子文献类型：数据库[DB]，计算机[CP]，电子公告[EB]。
格式范例：
一：专著、论文集、报告。
[序号]主要责任者，文献题名[文献类型标识]，出版地：出版者，出版年：起止页码(可选)。
例如：刘国钧，陈绍业，图书目录[M]，北京：高等教育出版社，1957：15-18。
二：期刊文章。
[序号]主要责任者读南明史[J]，中国史研究，1998，(3)：167-173。
OU J P,SOONG T T,et alEarthquack Eng,1997，38(3)：358-361。
以上内容参考：百度百科--参考文献标准格式
翻译书籍的英文格式范文 第二十五篇
【摘要】 在翻译中，我们会遇到字的翻译，词的翻译，句子的翻译，综合起来就是一篇文章的翻译。这其中每一个方面都有其翻译的技巧。我们这里简单谈一谈词的翻译技巧。
【关键词】 英语词；翻译；技巧
在英语词的翻译过程中，很多人都有错误的看法。认为词最好翻译，在英汉词典当中查一查就可以了，没什么困难的。但在实际的翻译中则会发现又是翻译出来的意思生硬，不符合语言习惯。所以本文试图通过英语词的翻译技巧的介绍，在加深理解的前提下，对词的翻译技巧进行探讨。
一、翻译中词汇的对应
一般认为，翻译时应以句子为最小的理解和翻译单位，同时也要照顾到句与句之间，段落与段落间的专程衔接以及上下文的逻辑关系，也就是语篇。可是此时过程文章的最小单位，如果不能把词的意义准确的传达出来，是不行的。有人认为每一个英语词都能在英汉词典当中找到相应的汉语对应，这是错误的。如不能将“王老师”译成“Teacher Wang”，除非对“某某教授”在姓名前冠以professor，一般都以Mr.或Ms.相称，或当面尊称为sir。多元对应英语中有许多词一词多译，其所表示的各个意义，分别与汉语中几个不同的词或词组对应。英语单词的词义比较灵活，这种现象较常见。如：bank除“河岸”(河的南岸)外，还有田埂(-fields稻田与稻田之间的低矮的田埂)、银行(thebankofEngland英国国家银行)、赌本(breakthebank赢得庄家的全家赌本)、库(bloodbank血库)等意思。
二、翻译中词类的转性
英汉两种语言词的适用范围不尽相同有些句子可以逐词对译，如：She is a beautiful girl.“她是一个漂亮姑娘。”此句的译文中各词的词性基本上与英语相当。但大多数情况并不是这样的。如：He is a liar. 就不能直译为“他是爱说谎的人。”因为汉语习惯不这样说，可译为“他爱说谎。”这样汉语各词的词性基本上与英语就不对应了。既然翻译的目的是为了追求内容或信息上的对等，而不是形式上的完全对应，那么翻译中必然会出现偏离形式的对应。转换就是在翻译中获得译文与原文信息对等的必不可少的应变对策，以形式的偏离换取内容或信息的一致。词类转换是翻译中常见的技巧。虽然英汉两中语言词汇的语法类别(如动词、名词、形容词等) 大致相同,但由于两种语言各自的特殊性,如语法组合能力的差异、语义切分( semantic segmentation) 的差异等,在词汇的运用方面英汉差别非常大,各有其独特性。英汉互译的过程中词性的转换便不可避免的。作为一种译词技巧。词类转换往往具有牵一发而动全身功效。
如：英语中具有抽象动作意义的名词汉译时常译成动词。但是,汉译英时,如果译者没有非常深厚的英语功底,很难非常恰当地使用这类词来翻译,用英语动词的可能性最大。例如:
The repeal of the Corn Laws by Great Britainin 1846 ended Britain′s long - standing policy protectionism.
1846 年英国废除《谷物法》,结束了英国长期存在的贸易保护主义政策。
“repeal”既可以作动词,也可以作名词,意思相同,都是“取消”、“废除”的意思。但是按照汉语的语言习惯,我们很可能用“repeal”的动词形式来回译(back - t ranslate) ,译成: Great Britain repealed theCorn Laws in 1846 and ended ?或译成: The CornLaws were repealed in Great Britain in 1846 and thelong - standing policy of protectionism was ended。
两种翻译可能都讲得通,但总不如原文那么精炼、严密。
三、增词
词量增减，是指根据原文上下文的意思、逻辑关系以及译文语言句法特点和表达习惯，在翻译时增加原文字面没有出现但实际内容已包含的词，或者减去原文虽有但译文语言表达用不着的词。必须指出的是，词量增减必须防止两个倾向：一是添枝加叶，任意发挥；二是避难就易，肆意裁割。
从理论上说可以增加任何词，但在什么时候增加什么样的词，才能恰到好处，而不超出一定界限，则需要悉心体会。下面试分析个译例：
A book, tight shut, is but a block of paper.
译文一：一本书，紧紧合上，只是一叠纸。
译文二：一本书，如果紧紧合上不读，只是一叠纸。
译文三：一本书，如果紧紧合上不读，只是一叠废纸。
译文四：闲置之书只是一叠废纸。
上面同一个句子四个译文，可以体现翻译不同层次。译文一，与原文似乎丝丝入扣，但却显得支离破碎、关系不清、语意不足；译文二，增加了“如果……不读”，意思明白无误，只是觉得言犹未尽；译文三，又增加了一个废字，这可是点睛之举。能否译出这个废字，是翻译这个句子的关键。一个废字，说话者语意才得以充分表达。而译文四则简明扼要，笔酣墨浓了。
四、词的省略
省略词语决不是可以随意增删词句，而是要必须遵循以下几条原则：
1）可有可无的，或是多余的。
2）省略的词义已经体现在上下文中。
阅读时，必须根据上下文找出英语中省略的词语翻译时再根据汉语的习惯进行适当增补。
Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn expect to the nearest cabin or settlement.
分析：在时间、地点、条件、让步、方式状语从句中，如果从句的主语与主句的主语相同（或为it），而从 句的谓语又含有be(包括连系动词be和助动词be)，则可以省略“主语+be”.
译文：独自旅行的人，要是饿了、受伤了或是生病了，除了最近的小木屋或居民点，常常无处求援。
当然汉语和英语的翻译的方法内容是远不止以上这些的，限于篇幅，还有许多内容未能涉及，但是从以上内容我们可以很明显的看出词的翻译技巧在汉英两种语言中的应用相当广泛，而且由于英汉文化背景的不同，这些词的翻译方法也不尽相同。通过对这些词的技巧的研究，可以从一个角度透视英汉两种语言及两种文化的根本差异所以我们应该认真学习并将这些关于词的翻译技巧好好掌握，以便正确的运用到实际生活中。
参考文献
1 汉英对比研究与翻译［M］. 江西教育出版社，1991.
2 王振亚.实用英语语言文化［M］.河北大学出版社，2004.
翻译书籍的英文格式范文 第二十六篇
中文摘要
姓名是用来指代社会成员的符号,在人际交往中占据着举足轻重的位置。不管这种符号形式如何变化,其基本功能是相同的。交际过程一开始,交际者遇到的问题往往是需要了解对方的姓名,以便交际正常进行。比如,在称呼,介绍,问候语中,姓名是比不可少的,离开姓名,人际交往几乎无法实现。当今世界变得越来越小,国际不同文化间的交往不断增加,越来越多的人需要经常与异文化的人们进行面对面的交际或需要到异文化环境中去生活或工作,姓名在跨文化交际中的影响也逐渐显露出来,受到人们的关注。为使交际畅通,在特定的环境中使用某种文字的姓名是一个交际策略问题。运用这个策略可能有助于交际的正常进行。不同文化的人们对姓名的态度以及重视程度会有所不同,而同一文化的人们对跨文化交际中的外文姓名问题也会持有不同的看法。如何翻译英语国家的人名,值得探讨,本文主要以英汉语言为例, 从跨文化交际以及文化交流的角度讨论英文姓名问题。
关键词:英语姓名翻译;跨文化交际 ; 文化交流
Abstract
Name, which is used for representing social member, is a sign, which plays an important role in the communication. No matter how this kind of sign change, the basic function is the same. When the intercourse is starting, the successful communicators should know the counterpart’s name first, so as to achieve the successful communication. When we refer to addressing, introducing and greeting, name is necessary. Communication nearly cannot be conducted if we have no names.
Nowadays, the world has become smaller and smaller ,and the communication between different cultures is increasing day by day. More and more people need to frequently communicate face to face with people of another culture or need to live or work in another cultural environment. Therefore the significance of names in communication between different cultures also becomes more obvious and attracts more people’s attention. In order to make communication convenient for people, it is a communication tactics to use the name of one sort of character. To make use of the tactics may contribute to the successful progress of communication.
Different people in different cultures have different attitudes to the name. And the people in the same culture also have different attitudes to the issue of foreign names in the cross -cultural communication. It is worthwhile to discuss how to translate the name of English countries. This thesis refers to the issue of the translation of English names.
Key words: the translation of English names; cross-cultural communication; cultural exchange
一、 正确翻译英语姓名的意义
随着国际交往的日益增多,中国人接触到的外国人也日益增多起来。虽然在某些场合我们可以把他们统称为“老外”,但在更多情况下便不得不称名道姓。这样姓名翻译就成为一个重要问题。面孔与我们相似的日本人,朝鲜人,越南人好办,他们历史上用过汉字,现在也还经常用汉字写自己的名字。尽管许多字他们读不同的音,我们听起来陌生,写起来却基本上是一样的,翻译是求其同(字)而存异(音),照写就是了,他们之外的其他“老外”就不那么好办了,不但长相与我们相去甚远,姓名也跟我们不大一样。从古到今,欧洲人对国王或者皇帝一般是称名而不道姓,理由很简单,同一个王朝的国王都姓“Stuart”只有称名才能相互区别。对于普通人情况就不同。除在家人及亲密朋友之间直呼其名以外,在其他场合通常都是称姓而不道名的,只有在要区别“姓”相同的人的时候,才用其名。例如英国历史上有过两个着名的克伦威尔,一个是亨利八世的宠臣,对于英国皇室与罗马教皇决裂起了重要作用的托马斯﹒克伦威尔(Thomas Cromwell.约1485-1540),另一个是 比他晚一百多年的军事独裁者奥利弗 ·克伦威尔(Oliver Cromwell,1599-1658).如果不指明是“Thomas”还是“Oliver”, 就不好区别他们,人们熟悉的拿破仑,全名拿破仑﹒ 波拿巴(Napoleon Bonaparte,1769-1821)一生就经历了一个“由道姓到称名”的过程,他原来是叫波拿巴先生的,即使当上将军以后,人们也只叫他波拿巴将军,只有当他当上皇帝以后,才称他拿破仑皇帝,在这个问题上破了例的只有意大利人,他们对自己四位杰出的文化名人是称名不道姓的。这四个人是诗人但丁(Dante Alighieri,1265-1321)和文艺复兴时的三位伟大画家,列奥纳多(Leonardo da ),米开朗琪罗(Michelangelo Buonarotti,1475-1563)和拉斐尔(Raffaello Sazio或Santi,1483-1530英语通常称为Raphael).而美国英语中的称谓方式与欧洲存在着巨大的差异。其主要有三种方式(1)彼此直呼其名(the mutual exchange of first name)(2)彼此选用头衔加姓氏的方式(the mutual title +last name).(3)交际双方的一方直呼对方的姓名,而另一方则用头衔加姓氏的呼语。对方用相互直呼其名的方法称呼对方,目的是要建立“同等性”关系。[1](P197) 有些美国的英语姓并非英语原来就有,而是随着德国移民的到来才带到的美国的德语姓。如1946年获得诺贝尔生理或医学奖的美国人穆勒(Hermann Joseph Muller 1890-1967)出生在纽约市。他的名字“Hermann”还保留了德语字母辅音字母双写(表明前面的元音短度)的做法,但姓(Muller )已经英语化了,以“U”代替了德语变元音“ü”。还有美国着名地球
化学家罗德(Ewdin Roedder)的姓名告诉我们,他是德国移民的后代,但已经一句德语也不会说,自认为是纯粹的美国人。类似的问题在法国,意大利等其他欧洲国家移民的后代,以及数量很大的西班牙语移民后代身上也同样存在。美国是一个至今没有规定官方语言(official language),但是通用英语的国家;虽然通用英语却又从过去到现在都有大量非英语移民进入。这些移民中的许多人,到美国后会取一个英语名字,但是保留原来非英语的姓(例如,原来的中国影星陈冲,现在便是“Joan Chen”)。这些姓也通常用英文字母来拼写,原来文字中英文没有的符号,例如德语的变元音,法语、西班牙语的开音符,闭音符,起初也许会保留,但时间长了往往就会失去。它们的发音有的基本保持原“英语化”的。汉语音译为“温伯格”的“Weinberg”就是一个例子,它里面“ei”已经不按德语读作[ei]。所有这些都使美国人的姓十分多样,十分复杂,但人们又不得不承认他们都是英语姓—尤其是那些拼写,读音已经“英语化”了的。
现在国际上用得最普遍的是英语,所以不管那“老外原是什么国籍,姓名是什么语言取的,我们接触他们的姓名,常常是通过英语书籍,报刊广播和电视。因此,在英语姓名的汉译上,有一些需要注意的地方。例如使用频繁的”Charles”这个名字汉语现译为“查尔斯”一种汉译。其实,这个名字汉语最初多半是读作“查理”的早期取了洋名字的买办,便有不少张查理,陈查理,宋查理。时至今日,可以说“查理”与“查尔斯”都是“约定俗成”的译名,作为国王的名字一般译作“查理”。时至今日,用作其他人的名字则多为“查尔斯”。成问题的是,目前英国王储也叫“CharlesⅡ”,其他之后,应该是CharlesⅢ”。届时我们是翻译成“查理三世”呢?还是翻译成“查尔斯三世”?有趣的是戴高乐的名字也是“Charles”,所以他的全名是“Charles de Gaulle”,虽然一般情况下我们只称他“戴高乐”;但少数情况需要说完全就得说“夏尔·戴高乐”。原来欧洲语言里还有一些人名有着共同的来源,“Charles”便来自顿语(Feutonic,即日耳曼语),意思是“大丈夫”,西班牙语作“Carlos”(卡洛斯),德语读作“Karl(卡尔),法语虽然拼写与英语一样也作“Charles”,读音却不同。法语字母组合”ch”的读音类似英语“sh”,词尾的“s”则不发音,这样法语,“Charles”既不能翻译为“查理”也不能翻译为“查尔斯”,应该翻译为夏尔。马克思主义的奠基人我们按德语翻译为“卡尔·马克思”(Karl Marx,1818-1883)。同理,许多人按英语翻译的西班牙“查理五世”,就应为卡洛斯五世”—他也可以叫做“KarlⅤ”(卡尔五世),因为他除了西班牙国王以外,还被德意志第一帝国的“选帝侯”们选为皇帝,因而以德语名字相称也是合理的。[2](P45)
二、英语姓名的命名方法及其历史渊源
外国人姓名的翻译是一个十分复杂的问题。由于语言文化的差异,不同文化中的姓名各有特点,比如各民族的命名方法及其历史渊源都有很大的不同。英美姓氏起源主要分下列六大类:
⑴取自祖先所从事的
Miller(磨坊主)米勒,Smith(铁匠)史密斯,Baker(面包师)贝克, Fisher(渔夫)费舍尔,Taylor (Tailor的变体,裁缝)泰勒,Barber(理发师)巴伯,Carpenter (木匠)卡彭特,Cook(厨师)库克,Singer(歌手)辛格。
⑵取自自然界的山,水和动,植物名称而形成的姓氏。例如:
Book(小河)布鲁克,Bush(树丛)布什,Wood(森林)伍德,Stone(石头)斯通,Lake (湖泊)莱克,Hill(小山)希尔,Rice(稻谷)赖斯,Fox(狐狸)福克斯,Wolf(狼)沃尔福,Bird(鸟)伯德。
⑶由于祖上有人在生理有某些特征,而起的诨名所形成的姓氏。例如:
Red (红色)瑞德,Brown(棕色)布朗,Black(黑色)布莱克,White(白色)怀特,Long(身长)朗,Short(身短)肖特,Strong(强壮)斯特朗,Yong(年轻)扬,Russell(=redhaired,红发)拉瑟尔。[3](P82,P83)
⑷按家庭/族中的长幼关系来命名。例如:
Johnson(John+son,约翰的儿子)约翰逊,Richardson(理查德的儿子)理查森Judson(贾德的儿子)贾德森,Edson(edgar+son,埃得森的儿子,Wilson(William+son,威廉的儿子)威尔逊,MacDonald,还有MacArthur.但苏格兰的习惯是在名字的前面加上Mac-’或Mac- ’。这样,在英格兰叫Donaldson的人在苏格兰应叫做MacDonald,还有MacArthur 。爱尔兰的习惯是在名字的前边加上O-’,所以the son of Patrick 叫O’ Patrick; Watkins the kin of Watte 和Thomas Tom ’ s这两个姓氏也是根据家庭或家族关系而起。
⑸根据同名人居住区域的特点来命名。
如两个住在同一个村而不住在同一个地点的同名人可以被叫做Tom by the wood 和 Tom in the Field, 渐渐地人们把中间两个小品词去掉,就出现了Noman,Moor, Hall,Chesterfield, Street, Lake, Forest, Free, Wood Field 等姓氏。
⑹有个别姓氏来源于种族或法律地位。
如Cohen 是个犹太人的姓氏,起初限用于犹太世袭教士。还有Freeman,过去如果奴隶从主人那里逃走后在城市里呆上一年零一天而还没被抓获,那他就获得自由,成为Freeman。[4](P45)有一些英语姓名中还有中间名(middle name).常有人将母亲的娘家姓(maidden name)或至爱亲朋的姓作中间名,又称second name ,如第40任美国总统里根的全名是Ronald Wilson Reagan (罗纳德·威尔逊·里根)。其中Wilson他母亲的娘家姓,可以说是借姓为名的主要渠道,位于全名之首的为赋名也叫道名(Forename/first name),英语名族一般信教,按宗教习惯,婴儿出生后约一个星期就抱到教堂行洗礼仪式,并起个名,所以赋名又称教名(Christian name)或洗礼名(baptismal name)中名通常是一个,有时二,三个,而皇室贵族有多达四、五个乃至十几个的,写起来可只用几个。如美国作家Robert Peter Tristram Coffin ,但叫起来一般只用赋名和姓,即Robert Coffin 。[5](P123)
三、英语姓名蕴涵的文化内涵
姓名与社会文化之间有着密切的联系,并且可以折射文化,折射人们的价值观念;透过姓名这一窗口,我们可以对社会与文化有所了解。姓名需借助语言来标记,而语言有是文化的一部分。因此,姓名各要素的不同也反映了文化上的差异,其次,姓名中音节数目也各不相同,至于英,汉两种语言里姓和名的数量,虽然人们统计的数字相去甚远,但可以肯定地说,英语里的姓大大多于汉语,而名却大大少于后者。这从一个侧面反映了不同文化间的差异。再如,传统文化里成员不但有姓、名,而且还有字号;英语里通常则有Given name (教名),middle name(中间名),family name (姓)。汉族人的姓、名排列 方式与欧美民族就有很大不同;姓名的表现形式可以归结为三个模式,而汉族中与欧美各民族则分别代表着两个不同的模式。英,汉两种文化在这些方面均形成对照。[6]( P68 )尽管姓名是符号,但它具有深刻的文化内涵。英汉姓名均蕴涵着深远的文化底蕴。
1、英、汉语名字都与人们的社会观念及社会地位的差别有关。如:
英、汉名字中性别特征所体现出的男女有别,分别反映了两种社会中不平等的社会观念。英语名字中女作家以男性名字为笔名体现了资本主义社会中妇女社会地位底下。汉语名字中的具有代表性的是封建社会妇女中的名字,妇女在结婚前根本没有名字,只有在结婚后才有名字,而且要一律随着丈夫的姓,名以“氏”字结尾,如丈夫姓“赵”,妻子的娘家姓“李”,则被称为“赵李氏”,这体现了落后,闭塞的封建社会妇女地位低下,“男尊女卑”的社会现象。
2、英、汉名字都和人们对美好事物的追求,向往有关。
如在两种语言的名字中,人们用勇敢、力量、智慧等同为男性取名字,是人们对勇气、信心的寄托与追求。用兰,花,珠,玉为女性取名。则体现了对美好事物的向往。[7](P75)名字是人与人之间相互区别的代号,它表示一定家族,民族的风俗习惯,我们可以通过取名用字了解民族,世界文化传统。通过这个窗口我们可以透视古迹今中外深远的文化底蕴,一睹世界文明的风采。因此,姓名翻译得恰当与否,在一定程度上影响着文化信息的传递。
四、 英语姓名的翻译要求
(一)将尽可能多的文化信息译到译文中。
1、尽管在对名字进行音译的时候会做些调整。但应该谨记保留专有名词的民族性。但是如何保留专有名词的民族性呢?这个问题可以通过以下几个方法来解决:
(1)避免音译中看起来是译文的姓名。
在音译专有名词的时候,一些译者为了姓名更有可读性,喜欢使用看起来是译名的专有名词。但是这样会阻碍文化交流,给读者一个错误的印象原文与译名在取名的方式上是相同的。例如“Franklin”应该音译为弗兰克林而不范克廉,而“Stubbs”应该译为斯塔布斯,而不是司徒拔。
(2)音译中保持姓名的在原文中的排列顺序。
中国人的名是在姓之后的,然而西方人会恰好相反。因此,在音译中要按西方人的习惯,保留外国人名的味道。例如,巴尔扎克的着名小说Eugenie Grander 译成《欧也妮·葛朗台》,而不是翻成《葛朗台·欧也妮》。如果原文中有中间名,也必须遵循这一原则,例如一位叫“Marx Ernest Luduig Planck”应该译为马克思·卡尔·埃纳斯特·路德格·普郎克。
(3)译名应尽可能从姓名使用者的母语译出,遵从“名从主籍”的原则。
如本文上面举例“Charles”,“Heinrish, John”等例子。对于已经英语化了的姓名,如果英语读音与原来语言的读音有较大差别。应该分别列出两种语言的译名来。例如一个姓“Weiss”的人,如果是德国人应该译作“怀斯”,如果是美国人则应该为“韦斯”。西班牙人是把现在的英国王储称为“Carlo”(卡洛斯)的,但我们显然应该按英语译为“查尔斯王子”:反过来,英国人把现在的西班牙国王叫做“John Charles”,我们则应按西班牙语(Juan Carlos)译成“胡安·卡洛斯”。[8](P45)
(4)未做任何改动的直接借用一些原着语的人名。
此种做法,是保留姓名民族性的最佳办法,可以运用到翻译一些欧洲语言中。由于会削弱译文的纯正以及困扰那些对原着语一无所知的读者。因此,这种做法经常遭到批评。这种借用原着语的姓名的方法,现在只运用于科学上的翻译以及人名中含有缩写当中。例如“George D Kerr”译成乔治·D·克尔
2、避免交流错误的文化信息。
在翻译姓名时经常也会发现误译,此种做法将导致交流错误的文化信息。因此译者须避免交流错误的文化信息。以下几种情况将会导致错误文化信息的交流。
(1) 原着语不正确的发音。
在音译人名只有外延义时,主要传递的文化信息是原着语的音位。音位越近越多的文化信息传递到译文中。不过许多音译的人名都是根据不正确的原着语的发音。因此,减少了传递到译名中的文化信息。例如,一位着名的英国女作家“Charlotte Bronte”,音译为“夏绿蒂·勃朗特”。根据正确发音,须音译为“夏绿特·勃朗蒂”。另一个很好的误译例子是美国前任总统“Reagan”,在汉语中译为“里根”,根据正确的发音,须音译为“雷根”。因为这个错误,里根总统的财政部长的名字本应该音译为里根。为了区别这两个政治家,只得译为里甘。
(2) 音译在英语环境中的日本语人名,韩语人名,越南人名为中文。
如果在英语中第三种语言是日语,朝语,越语或东南亚国家的一些语言。因为这些语言原先可能有中文特征,因此要特别注意。总之,要做到避免传递错误的文化信息,译者对原语人名的发音要准确,而且在汉译专名时,不应对源自地名的民族名称进行音译,也不应对英语文章中出现的日语,朝语,和越语的专名进行音译。
3、传递仅有外延义的原着语人名的文化背景,传递的文化背景主要包括:
⑴ 人名的性别之分。
英语人名跟我们的名字一样在用字上都表示出性别,我们在音译英语人名时,要注意用相应的汉字进行性别显现。[9](P86, P87, P88, P91 )
男性名称 女性名称
Andrew—安德鲁 Katharine— 凯瑟林
Jackson—杰克逊 Helen— 海伦
Mark—马克 Susan—苏姗
Paul—保罗 Marie—马丽
⑵ 父子同名现象。
英语民族儿子与父亲或祖父同赋名的现象屡见不鲜。为了区别,英国人在父亲的姓名后加the Elder(年长的),在儿子姓名后加 the Younger(年轻的),如George Colman,the Elder(父),George Colman ,the Younger(子),美国人则是在姓名之后加Senior(常略作Sr.)在儿子的姓名后加Junior(常略作Jr.),如Martin Luther King ,Sr.(父);Martin Luther King, Jr.(子),如果子孙三代同名,就在姓名后分别加上Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ。如Henry FordⅠ(祖),Henry FordⅡ(父),Henry FordⅢ(孙)。[10](P91)
⑶ 西方人使用的汉名。
一些西方人为自己取中文名字。他们的中文名必须翻译成汉语,但是他们的母语名也必须翻译成汉语。用中括号标住。这样读者才能了解其文化背景。直接音译他们母语姓名将导致误解。例如,Joseph Needham 一位着名的英国学者在学习中国科学技术历史时,为自己取中文名。翻译成中文他的名字译为李约瑟。(Joseph Needham)或李约瑟(约瑟夫·尼达姆),而非约瑟夫·尼达姆或约瑟夫·李约瑟。
⑷ 含有地名的人名。
人名中含有地名的命名方式一般是:姓名+介词+地点;这些命名方式在英语中区别经常可以看见。例如,
原着语 恰当的译名 不恰当的译名
Paul of Venice 威尼斯的保罗 保罗·威尼斯
William of Occam 奥康的威廉 威廉·奥康
从以上的例子我们可以看到,这样的 人名必须译成“某地的某某”。才能传达文化背景。[11](P95)
⑸ 由名和贵族构成的人名。
有时候“名+介词+另一个专有名词”的形式不属于包含地名的人名。第二部分可能是贵族家姓。在这种情况下这个词也必须音译成中文。例如一位叫“Jacob van Maerlant,”的荷兰诗人应音译成雅各布·范·马尔兰特。
⑹ 昵称
亲朋好友间常用昵称(爱称,小名)互称;以示亲切,如Cathy, Cathie, Kate, Kathy, Katy, Kit, Kitty都是Catherine的异体。
4、传递内涵义和外延义的姓名的文化信息。
人名常有字面上的意思,明确的或含蓄的,一些姓氏与名字,例如“Cook”,“Smith”,“Green” , “Smith” , “Mill”, “Long”,“fellow”, “ Faith, “ Constance”, “Pearl”, “ Ruby”, “ Ivy”, “Christian”, “ Victor”等都是有明显的字面意思。其他姓名的字面意思也许不会这么明显,但是我们仍然可以发现“Charles”意思是士兵或英勇。“Henry”意思是“家规”等等。[11](P95)当绝大多数的人名只有外延义。所含的字面意思或文化信息并不起到相关作用。例如,一个叫“Victor”并不意味着他是一个胜利者,当然他也不是一个失败者,用这个名字不是蓄意挖苦。在这种情况下,字面及语义上的翻译,不仅是不必要的,而且是一种任意更改他们民族习惯的行为尽管如此,人名有时兼有内涵义与外延义。我们一般有以下几种译法:⑴音译加注 ⑵直译或语义翻译加注 ⑶音译与直译或语义翻译结合。
5、保留仅用内涵义的人名的意义和形象。
有些人名用于只有纯粹的内涵义而未涉及实际的人或地点。例如,在《新英语教程》(上海科学技术出版社)第五课“It’s all Rubbish Really”中有一句短语“Jack of all trades, and master of none”(a person who is able to do different kinds of work, but not good at any of them)此处的Jack并非指“Jack”(杰克)其人,而是泛指“杂而不精的人”。类似的还有:Every Jack has his Jill. (人皆有其偶)Jack泛指男人,Jill泛指女人。
在英语称谓中,有一些传统的姓名被引申出其他意义,这些绰号和引申义或出现自俚语,或出现自小说或戏剧等,运用非常广泛。例如,Tom, Dick and Harry (people at random)相当于汉语的“张三,李四,王五”之说,泛指普通人。如,We donot want any Tom, Dick and Harry using the club bar.( 我们不能让随便什么人都用俱乐部的酒吧。)[12](P44)
(二)有效地传递人名的文化信息。
在翻译的过程中译者不仅要尽可能传递多的文化信息,同时也要有效地传递文化信息。为了能做到有效地传递文化信息,我们要注意以下几点:
1、人名翻译的不一致。
