从《将进酒》的两个译本看翻译标准

　　在赖斯的语篇类型和语篇种类的划分中，诗歌属于表情性极强并重视形式的文本类型。在这类文本中，文本作者或“发送者”被置于一个很显著的位置，文本的形式也十分重要。对于这种类型的文本的翻译，译文应该传递原语的审美性和艺术性。翻译应采用“同一”策略，即译者应采用原语作者的观点(杰里米•芒迪)。由此可见，对比后起的操控论、目的论、改写论等，对于诗歌的翻译，“信”“达”“雅”并不是一个不合时宜的翻译标准。

　　《将进酒》为唐代诗人李白作于唐玄宗天宝十一年与友人聚会时。该诗为借酒抒情的名篇佳作之一。诗人在做这首诗时，政治上受到排挤和打击，无法施展宏伟的抱负，常常醉酒消遣。目前已有很多中外译者翻译过这首诗作，笔者这里选取了两个译本浅析。其一为被西方语言文学大师，著名翻译家李赋宁先生大力推荐的《英译唐诗名作选》中爱国华侨龚景浩先生的翻译。其二为诗译英法唯一人，北大教授，翻译家，曾被提名为诺贝尔文学奖候选人的许渊冲先生在《唐诗300首》中的翻译。以下为这两个版本的翻译:

　　龚景浩译文

　　Drink Your Fill!

　　Can’t you see:

　　The water in the Yellow Riverflows from the sky，

　　Running out to sea and neverturning back?

　　Can’t you see:

　　In grand houses the worry isabout hair color change---

　　In the morning it was silkenblack;

　　By nightfall it has turnedhoary?

　　If you’re doing well in life，enjoylife.

　　Don’t let your golden cup sitempty in the moonlight.

　　Since Providence has grantedour births，he must have some use for our talents.

　　What if I flitted away athousand pieces of gold?

　　Why，they can always be earned back again.

　　Boiling beef and preparinglamb，let us be merry:

　　And three hundred cups weshould each drain.

　　Venerable Chen and Young Dan Qui:

　　Drink your fill and not for amoment let your cup stand idle.

　　Now，let me sing you a song; I pray you lend me a willingear:

　　Banquet music and dishes ofdelicacies---

　　They are as nothing to me.

　　I only wish to stay drunk andnever come out again.

　　Saints and sages have alwaysbeen lonely.

　　Only a few gentleman-drinkershave left behind their names.

　　When Prince of Chen of a pastage entertained his literary friends，

　　Jars of wine costing afortune were poured

　　Amid high-spirited jokes andjeers.

　　Their host never worried ifmoney should run short.

　　So he’ll send for more wine to toast you again，and yet again.

　　Thorough-bred horses andexpensive furs---

　　I’ll exchange them for moresweet wine any time!

　　Together，we shall drown all our sorrows，old and new.

　　许渊冲译文

　　Invitation towine

　　Do you not see the YellowRiver come from the sky，

　　Rushing into the sea andne’er come back?

　　Do you not see the mirrorsbright in chambers high

　　Grieve o’er your snow-whitehair though once it was silk-black?

　　When hopes are won，oh! Drink your fill in high delight，

　　And never leave your wine-cupempty in moonlight!

　　Heaven has made us talents，we’re not made in vain.

　　A thousand gold coins spent，more will turn up again.

　　Kill a cow，cook a sheep and let us merry be，

　　And drink three hundredcupfuls of wine in high glee!

　　Dear friends of mine，

　　Cheer up，cheer up!

　　I invite you to wine.

　　Do not put down your cup!

　　I will sing you a song，please hear，

　　O hear! Lend me a willingear!

　　What difference will rare andcostly dishes make?

　　I only want to get drunk andnever to wake.

　　How many great men wereforgotten through the ages?

　　But great drinkers are morefamous than sober sages.

　　The Prince of Poets feast’d in his palace at will，

　　Drank wine at ten thousand acask and laughed his fill.

　　A host should not complain ofmoney he is short，

　　To drink with you I will sellthings of any sort.

　　My fur coat worth a thousandcoins of gold

　　And my flower-dappled horsemay be sold

　　To buy good wine that we maydrown the woes age-old.

　　1.标题《将进酒》的翻译

　　将进酒的意思为：请喝酒。两位先生的译名都贴近原诗的意思，符合“信”的要求。

　　2.君不见黄河之水天上来，奔流到海不复回

　　君不见高堂明镜悲白发，朝如青丝暮成雪。发表论文。

　　诗人在此托物起兴，想表达汹涌澎湃的黄河水有如从天而降，并一泻千里，不可回还。但是两位译者都不约而同的采用直接翻译原诗的.做法，并没有翻译出黄河水好似从天而降的意味，而是译成黄河之水就是来自于天上。就此处而言，两位译者都做到了对原诗的“信”而放弃了对事实的“信”。就其意境而言，两位译者都译出了原诗突如其来的震撼力和不可回还的“逝”气，也照应了第二句的感叹人生苦短，做到了“达”和“雅”。在用词方面，许译本的snow-white很好的体现了原文的“雪”字，但龚译本的hoary更体现了头发灰白色的自然特征。至于“悲白发”的翻译，两位译者采取了不同的方法，许先生选择不译，龚先生用了“the worry is about hair color change”。许先生舍“信”求“雅”，而龚先生的译文做到了“信”“雅”兼备。

　　将进酒·君不见

　　【作者】李白【朝代】唐代

　　君不见，黄河之水天上来，奔流到海不复回。

　　君不见，高堂明镜悲白发，朝如青丝暮成雪。

　　人生得意须尽欢，莫使金樽空对月。

　　天生我材必有用，千金散尽还复来。

　　烹羊宰牛且为乐，会须一饮三百杯。

　　岑夫子，丹丘生，将进酒，杯莫停。

　　与君歌一曲，请君为我倾耳听。

　　钟鼓馔玉不足贵，但愿长醉不复醒。

　　古来圣贤皆寂寞，惟有饮者留其名。

　　陈王昔时宴平乐，斗酒十千恣欢谑。