染雾Unit 18 Seeing the doctor
教学建议
教学内容分析
本单元围绕“生病”和“就医”这一主线展开教学。整个单元安排了两个对话和两篇小短文。使学生在学习第67课的基础上继续学习有关“生病”和“看病”的日常用语。同时也启发人们思考和探讨饮食、休息、锻炼及适当参加一些体力劳动与健康之间的关系。本单元的语法项目是have to和must之间在用法上的一些区别及系动词的用法。
第69课第一部分是Jill和Mum的一段小对话，从而引出第二部分Jill和医生的一段对话，从中介绍了许多有关的交际用语。第三部分是一个说与写的训练。旨在巩固以上所学内容，同时引出本单元的语法重点have to的用法。
第70课介绍了一篇做梦与心理健康的文章。它符合学生的心理和年龄特征，容易引起他们阅读的兴趣。读后可让学生做文前的两个讨论题，加深他们对课文内容的理解，同时提高他们口头运用英语语言的能力。
第71课第一部分的对话旨在复习 have to的基础上引出它的否定形式和与must在用法上的区别。第二部分是介绍有关系动词taste，look，seem，feel，be的用法。
第72课的第二部分是组句训练，主要是用于巩固第对课第二部分中所学的几个系动词。第三部分安排了一段颇有幽默感的病人和医生的对话，提醒大家注意饮食与健康的关系。第四部分的写作训练主要让学生运用已学过的有关看病就医的日常用语。
重难点及疑点分析
（－）重点、难点
A．单词及短语
trouble, cough, terrible, wake, asleep, plant, difficult, rich, angry, look over, fat, thin
asleep是形容词，意思是“睡着的”。表示“睡得很熟”用fast asleep或sound asleep，不用very asleep。asleep通常作表语，不作前置定语。
B．句子
1.Take this medicine three times a day.
2. Have a good rest and drink more water.
3. Last night, as soon as I fell asleep I dreamt that I went to the garden.
as soon as译为“－……就……”，常用来引导、个时间状语从句，其将来时用一般现在时来表示，主句用将来时。例如：
I will write to you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.
4. There s nothing much wrong with you.
5. I mean you eat too much food, and you don’t take enough exercise, too much后面跟不可数名词。too many后面跟可数名词的复数形式。much too后面跟形容词或副词，如too much time, too many books, much too clear, much too fast等。exercise在这里是“锻炼”的意思，是不可数名词，但具体指某一种“锻炼”用复数形式。如morning exercises，eye exercises。
6. No problem, doctor.
7. Do you remember your worst dream?
C．语法
1．情态动词have to的用法。
2．系动词的用法。
（二）疑点
A．单词及短语
smell, instead, stop. . . from doing…
1. smell是知觉性动词，相当于系动词，后面用形容词作表语。如：
This food smells good．
2. instead作副词，是“代替”、“顶替”的意思。如：
Mr. Wang is ill, I will take his class instead．
instead of为介词短语，它后面可跟名词、代词、动名词、介词短语或形容词等。如：
(1)I will clean the window instead of him.
(2)We will skate instead of playing football.
3. stop… from …意为“阻止（防止）……做某事”。如：
The heavy rain stopped them from going to school.
B．句子
1. She didn't feel like eating anything.
此句中的fee like相当于would like或want。feel like doing sth. =would like/want to do sth.
2. I had to sit down and rest every five minutes．
every five minutes指的是每5分钟。如：
He comes to see us every three days．
3. Let me take your temperature.
Let sb. do sth. 是一个固定的用法。
C．语法
1．have to与must的区别
（l）must表示主观，have to表示客观。
We must help each other.
My sister is ill, my mother has to look after her.
（2）inns一般表示现在时，而have to有多种时态。
2．系动词除了我们常用的be以外，还有become, turn, smell, taste, seem, sound, feel, look, go等。
口语训练
本单元的口语训练主要涉及“看病就医”的一些表达方法。学生第一次接触到这方面的内容，可能有一些难度。教师可先让学生听第69课第一部分的录音，听懂关键性的句子和短语。What’s the trouble? have a headache and a cough, take sb. to see a doctor，接着做第二部分的Puzzle dialogue，然后组织学生两人一组进行对话训练。在此基础上师生共同讨论对已学过的“看病就医”的表达法进行归纳。如：What’s the matter with you? /What’s wrong (with you)? /What’s the trouble (with you)? /feel like doing sth./have(get)a pain in/I don’t feel very well (any better) now./have a headache( cold/cough) /nothing serious/take one’s temperature/take sb. to see a doctor/take this medicine two( three/four) times a day/have a good rest/drink more water，最后学生分组编制生病或看病就医的对话。场景的设置可以在家中、医院或学校。教师可以根据实际情况叫几组学生在全班同学面前表演。
老师可以布置学生参考练习册第69课练习3，以学生自己的名义给班主任老师或英语老师写张请假条。
有关“看病就医”话题的教学
本单元的主要交际项目是看病，所有教学活动都应围绕这一主题展开。建议教师设计多种情景，使学生在做中学，在实践中掌握。
（1）设置看病的情景进行表演
情景：Lin Lin was ill, she called her teacher to ask for a leave.
对话：
Mr. Li: Hello.
Lin Lin: Hello, it is Lin Lin here. Is that Mr. Li?
Mr. Li: Yes, what’s the matter with you?
Lin Lin: I have a cold and a terrible headache.
Mr. Li: Did you take any medicine?
Lin Lin: Yes, my mother took me to the hospital last night. The doctor said it is not serious. But he thought I had better have a two-day’s rest.
Mr. Li: Well, that doesn’t matter. I hope you’ll feel better soon.
Lin Lin: Thank you very much.
此对话可在课堂上组织学生进行表演。
Name: Age: Sex:
Symptom（症状）:
Reason:（原因）
Advice: （建议）
（2）学生可以根据此表的格式写一张医生诊断证明
（3）教师可以组织学生建立一个临时诊所，一个学生准备一个听疹器，一顶白帽子和一张桌子，扮演成医生，其他几个同学办成不同症状的病人，进行对话表演。
阅读训练教学
本单元安排了两篇极富幽默感的阅读文章，单词较多。建议教师重点训练学生猜词，判断大意的能力。教师可在阅读文章之前，设计部分重点词汇练习，让学生猜出括号中单词大意。如下：
1.Every morning My mother always（wakes me up）and I have to get up on time.
2.The students are tired and（as soon as）school is over, they go home at once.
3. I have worked for a day, I am very（tired）and I don’t want to do it any more.
4.My father always takes （morning exercises）every morning. So he can keep good health.
第70课讲述的是一个叫Roy的男孩由于老做梦而去看医生的故事。做梦是每个人都经历过的事情，特别是10多岁的孩子，正处于多梦时期。课文从讨论做梦入手，容易引起学生的兴趣，而像Roy那样梦中总是于累人活儿的学生也有不少。
在阅读开始之前，老师可以提几个简单的问题，如：Do you often dream？What do you usually do when you dream? /Would you like to know something about Roy’s dream?学生对阅读的兴趣，增强他们急于了解课文内容的迫切心情。同时为了减少学生阅读的难度，可以先列出一些估计学生比较难于理解的词汇、短语或句子。如：as soon as, be busy doing sth., terrible storm, stop the ship from going down .sleeping pills, be awake, fall asleep, relax, Don't they work? light music等。阅读完以后让学生做练习册中第70课的练习一，看看他们是否已经理解了课文的内容。
第72课的阅读短文讲的是一个胖女士请医生看病的故事。在组织学生阅读前老师首先问学生第一个问题：Is the woman fat or thin？然后问第二个问题：Why did the woman go to see the doctor？让学生围绕这些问题去阅读。等学生阅读完以后，老师可以用一些最简单的一般问句问学生，例如：Is the woman feeling very well？／Did the woman have to sit down and rest every five minutes when she worked yesterday？等。然后让学生听录音，加深印象。最后，教师可以让学生做课文改写以后的填空练习。这样能使阅读、听力、书面训练有机地结合在一起，使教学效果更趋于完美。
语法教学
1．情态动词have to
（l）情态动词have to和must在意义上基本相同，在很多情况下二者可以互换使用。但must是强调说话人的主观看法，而have to强调的是客观需要。从形式上看must适用于所有的人称，没有时态的变化；而have to有第三人称单数has to，还有时态的变化：had to（过去时），will have to（一般现在将来时）等。例如：
①There must be some students in the classroom now.
②We must learn English well.
③He must stay at home and look after his brother.
④There is no bus, we have to go to school on foot.
⑤Lucy’s mother is ill in hospital, she has to look after her.
⑥She couldn’t find her pen, she had to buy a new one.
⑦The students will have to know how to use the computers．
（2）含有情态动词have to的各种句型
①陈述句
I/We/You/They have to/had to. . . .
take this medicine three times a day
clean the classroom once a day
②主语是第三人称单数
She/He has to/had to. . . .
take more exercise
drink more water
③疑问句（借助助动词do/does/did／will等）
Do I have to. . .? Yes, you do./No,you don't.
Does she/he have to. . . ? Yes, she/he does. /No. she/he doesn t.
Did she/he have to. . .? Yes, she/he did./No, she/he didn't.
④特殊疑问句
What do they have to do now?
What does he/she have to say at the meeting?
Why did he/she have to see a doctor?
Which book do we have to read?
教师可通过两人一组的形式操练有关内容，最后叫几个小组到教室前面表演。
2．系动词
系动词本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须和后面的由名词（短语）、形容词（短语）副词或介词短语构成的表语一起使用。最常用的系动词是be，另外还有look，become，get，seem，turn，grow，take，feel，soled，small筹。如：
(1) Twins usually look the same.
(2) The teacher became angry.
(3) His uncle is an English teacher.
(4) They look very happy/sad.
(5) This kind of apple tastes sweet.
(6) After he left school, he became a doctor.
(7) This food smells good.
(8) His face goes red.
教师可结合第71课练习册中的练习2，适当给出一些书面练习，让学生在课后进行操练。
写作建议
教师可以让学生写两封短信一封是介绍自己的病情，一封是回信告诉对方如何保持健康。可以使用下列词语（do more exercise, play ball game, eat less sweets, have good rest, have a cold, have a fever, have a headache, need a good rest ）
学生完成练习后，再读课文，并回答课后问题。
学法指导
1．本单元新出现的词汇比较多，集中记忆比较困难，可以采用分散记忆法。把单词放在课文中去记忆，这样就会减少难度。
2．两篇课文篇幅都比较长，对课文内容能熟读就行了。但对一些常用的短语必须要牢牢掌握。如：be tired, wake up, be good for sb. , as soon as, fall asleep, be busy doing sth., all night long, a terrible storm, stop the ship from going down, sleeping pills, listen to music, be fast asleep, hard work, play the same piece, feel weak and died, rest every five minutes, look over, nothing much wrong with sb. ,What do you mean? rich food, take enough exercise, eat less food, some dry bread, feel much healthier, instead of等等。
3．本单元的语法项目①情态动词have to与②系动词。要掌握他们的用法必须在了解他们基本含义的基础上，通过一定量的口头和书面练习。
词汇辨析
1. too much / much too
too much意为“太多”，常修饰不可数名词或行为动词；而much too意为“太”，常修饰形容词或副词，以加强语气。如：
He always eats too much meat, so he is much too fat. 他总是吃太多的肉，因此他太胖了。
You talked too much at the meeting. 你在会上讲得太多了。
另外，too much也可以单独用，相当于一个名词或代词。如：
He is a kind man and often gives too much but gets too little. 他是个好心人，经常付出的多而得到的回报少。
2. instead / instead of
instead与instead of都有“代替”之意，instead 后不跟其它成分，通常置于句末作状语；而instead of后常跟名词、代词、v-ing形式或介词短语等。如：
Why don’t you come and play volleyball instead? 你们为什么不来改打排球呢？
We can use the USA instead of America. 我们可以用the USA来代替America.
He went to school on foot instead of by bike yesterday. 昨天他步行去上学，没有骑自行车。
Jim likes swimming instead of skating. 吉姆喜欢游泳，而不是滑冰。
疑难解析
1. What’s the trouble？你怎么了？
这是口语中常用的句子，常用于询问对方身体哪里不舒服或发生了什么不幸的事。类似的句子还有：What’s the matter (with you)? 或What’s wrong (with you)?
trouble名词，意思是“烦恼，苦恼，忧虑，困难”。常见的搭配有：go to the trouble“不辞辛劳地做某事”；get into trouble“陷入困境，惹麻烦”；be in trouble“处于不幸／苦恼／困境之中”。例如：
My teacher went to the trouble of teaching us.我的老师不辞劳苦地教我们。
They got into trouble when they climbed that hill yesterday.昨天他们爬山时陷入了困境。
He is always ready to help others when they are in trouble.当他们处于困境时，他总是乐于帮助他们。
2. I had to sit down and rest every five minutes． 每五分钟我就得坐下来休息一会儿。
every形容词，意思是“每个”，同数词连用时，名词可以有复数形式。表示“每……，每隔……的”。例如：
He comes every three days. 他每隔两天来一次。（他每三天来一次。）
She goes to Beijing every other year. 她隔年去一趟北京。
3. Last night, as soon as I fell asleep I dreamt that I went to the garden.昨天夜里我一睡着就梦见我到花园里去了。
1）as soon as是连词，引导时间状语从句，表示“一……就……”。如：
It began to snow as soon as I got home. 我一到家里就开始下雪了。
He will call you as soon as he arrives. 他一到就会给你电话的。
2）fall asleep 意思是“入睡的，睡着的”，fall在此是连系动词，后常跟asleep或ill作表语。如：
He was too tired, so he fell asleep very soon. 他太累了，因此很快就睡着了。
类似的词还有before, after, until, when等。当主句是一般将来时态时，时间状语从句必须用一般现在时态。
3）…that I went to the garden. 这是由that引导的从句作宾语，叫做宾语从句。如：
He said that he could not sleep well. 他说他睡不好。
4. They taste delicious. 它们吃起来很香。
taste是系动词。常用的系动词有：be, look, seem, feel, smell, sound, get, become等，系动词后常用名词、形容词、副词和介词短语作表语。例如：
(1) The teacher seems angry. 老师似乎生气了。
(2) The food smells good. 食物闻起来很香。
(3) It’s getting colder. 天气变冷了。
have to 用法分析
have to是情态动词，意思是“必须；不得不”，表示客观要做的事情，后接动词原形。
一、have to的单数和复数
have to虽是情态动词，但有人称或数的变化。一般现在时第三人称单数用has to，其他人称用have to。例如：
You have to go with Tom．你得跟汤姆去。
She has to answer this question. 她不得不回答这个问题。
二、have to的肯定式
have to的肯定式由“have to+动词原形”构成。例如：
I have to tell him the news.我得告诉他这个消息。
She has to walk home．她不得不走回家。
三、have to的否定式
have to的否定式由“don’t have to+动词原形”或“doesn’t have to+动词原形”构成。例如：
You don’t have to do like this.你不必这样做。
He doesn’t have to be there on time. 他不必按时到那里。
have to的否定式还可在have／has后面加not （仅限于一般现在时和一般过去时）。例如：
He hasn’t to go there.他不必去那里。
I haven’t to get up early.我不必早起床。
四、have to的疑问式
have to的一般疑问式通常由“Do/ Does + 主语+nave to+动词原形+其他成分”构成，肯定回答用do或does；否定回答用don’t（have to）或doesn’t（have to）。例如：
①–Do you have to go now?你现在就得去吗？
–Yes, I do.是的。
②–Does he have to hay home? 他必须留在家里吗？
–Yes, he does. 是的。
（No, he doesn’t (have to) . 不，
五、have to的时态
have to可用于各种时态。其一般过去时的肯定式是had to，否定式是didn’t have to；一般将来时的肯定式是will have to，否定式是won’t have to。例如：
He said he had to see me about something important．他说他有重要的事情不得不见我。
He said they didn’t have to borrow 200 yuan from John．他说他们不必向约翰借二百元。
You will have to do that again．你得重做那件事。
She won’t have to go with you. 她不必跟你去。
六、have to与 must的区别
1．have to有人称和数的变化，即第三人称单数用has to，其他人称用have to；而must没有人称或数的变化。例如：
He has to go there．他必须去那里。
She must be off now．她现在必须走了。
2．have to有时态的变化，must没有。例如：
He told me that I must be at the station by ten．他告诉我必须十点前到达车站。
He had to pay for it．他不得不赔偿。
3．have to强调客观上“不得不”做某事；must指主观上“必须”做某事。例如：
We must study hard．我们一定要努力学习。
He had to go on foot because there was something wrong with his car.因为他的汽车坏了，他不得不走着去。
Unit 18 Seeing the doctor
