染雾26个常见的国外历史典故 篇一
1. Trojan Horse - The Greek Mythology
In the Greek mythology, the Trojan Horse is a tale about how the Greeks used a giant wooden horse to infiltrate the city of Troy during the Trojan War. The Greeks tricked the Trojans into bringing the horse inside the city walls as a gift, only to have Greek soldiers hidden inside the horse come out at night and open the gates for the rest of the Greek army. This story has since become a symbol of deception and betrayal.
2. Crossing the Rubicon - Ancient Rome
Crossing the Rubicon is a historical event that took place in 49 BC when Julius Caesar led his army across the Rubicon River, which marked the boundary between Gaul and Italy. By crossing the river with his army, Caesar defied the Roman Senate's orders and started a civil war. The phrase "crossing the Rubicon" has since become a metaphor for making a decision or taking an action that cannot be reversed.
3. The Fall of Constantinople - Ottoman Empire
In 1453, the city of Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Empire, marking the end of the Byzantine Empire. The Ottoman forces, led by Sultan Mehmed II, breached the city's walls after a 53-day siege, bringing an end to the thousand-year-old Byzantine civilization. The fall of Constantinople is seen as a turning point in history, as it led to the rise of the Ottoman Empire and changed the geopolitical landscape of Europe and the Middle East.
4. The Boston Tea Party - American Revolution
The Boston Tea Party was a political protest that took place in 1773, when American colonists, disguised as Native Americans, dumped 342 chests of tea into Boston Harbor in protest against the British Tea Act. The event was a key moment in the lead-up to the American Revolution and is often seen as a symbol of resistance against unjust taxation and government oppression.
5. The French Revolution - France
The French Revolution was a period of radical social and political change in France from 1789 to 1799. The revolution saw the overthrow of the monarchy, the establishment of a republic, and the Reign of Terror, during which thousands of people were executed. The French Revolution had a lasting impact on France and the rest of Europe, influencing the rise of nationalism and democracy.
6. The Battle of Waterloo - Napoleonic Wars
The Battle of Waterloo took place in 1815, when the forces of the French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte were defeated by a coalition of European armies led by the Duke of Wellington and Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher. The battle marked the end of the Napoleonic Wars and Napoleon's reign as Emperor of France. Waterloo is seen as a decisive moment in European history, shaping the balance of power on the continent for years to come.
7. The Trail of Tears - Native American History
The Trail of Tears refers to the forced relocation of Native American tribes, including the Cherokee, Choctaw, and Seminole, from their ancestral lands in the southeastern United States to designated Indian Territory in present-day Oklahoma. The journey, which took place in the 1830s, resulted in the deaths of thousands of Native Americans due to disease, starvation, and harsh conditions. The Trail of Tears is a tragic chapter in American history, highlighting the injustices and hardships faced by indigenous peoples.
8. The Opium Wars - China
The Opium Wars were two conflicts between China and Western powers, primarily Britain, over the trade of opium in the mid-19th century. The wars resulted in China ceding Hong Kong to Britain and opening several ports to foreign trade, leading to increased Western influence in China. The Opium Wars are seen as a symbol of the unequal treaties imposed on China by Western powers and the country's subsequent decline in power and prestige.
9. The Berlin Wall - Cold War
The Berlin Wall was a barrier that divided East and West Berlin from 1961 to 1989, separating Communist East Germany from the democratic West. The wall was built by the East German government to prevent its citizens from fleeing to the West, but it also became a symbol of the Cold War and the ideological divide between East and West. The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 marked the end of the Cold War and the reunification of Germany.
10. The Cuban Missile Crisis - Cold War
The Cuban Missile Crisis was a 13-day standoff in 1962 between the United States and the Soviet Union over the presence of Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba. The crisis brought the world to the brink of nuclear war, as both superpowers engaged in a tense standoff that could have led to a catastrophic conflict. The Cuban Missile Crisis is seen as one of the closest moments the world has come to nuclear annihilation and a stark reminder of the dangers of the Cold War.
11. The Vietnam War - Southeast Asia
The Vietnam War was a protracted conflict that took place in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1955 to 1975, pitting the communist forces of North Vietnam and the Viet Cong against the anti-communist forces of South Vietnam and the United States. The war resulted in the deaths of millions of people and had a lasting impact on Vietnam and the region. The Vietnam War is often remembered for its political divisions, social unrest, and the anti-war movement it inspired around the world.
12. The Fall of the Berlin Wall - Cold War
The Fall of the Berlin Wall on November 9, 1989, was a historic event that marked the end of the Cold War and the reunification of Germany. The wall, which had divided East and West Berlin for 28 years, was opened by the East German government following widespread protests and demands for freedom and democracy. The fall of the Berlin Wall symbolized the end of the ideological divide between East and West and the beginning of a new era of cooperation and unity in Europe.
13. The Rwandan Genocide - Africa
The Rwandan Genocide was a period of mass killings that took place in Rwanda in 1994, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 800,000 people, mostly Tutsis. The genocide was the culmination of long-standing ethnic tensions between the Hutu and Tutsi populations and was carried out by extremist Hutu militias. The international community's failure to intervene and prevent the genocide has been widely criticized, and the event serves as a reminder of the consequences of ethnic hatred and violence.
14. The September 11 Attacks - United States
The September 11 attacks were a series of coordinated terrorist attacks on the United States on September 11, 2001, by the Islamic extremist group al-Qaeda. The attacks targeted the World Trade Center in New York City and the Pentagon in Washington, D.C., killing nearly 3,000 people. The September 11 attacks led to the War on Terror, the invasion of Afghanistan, and a heightened focus on national security and counterterrorism efforts around the world. The attacks had a profound impact on American society and foreign policy, shaping the country's response to global terrorism.
15. The Arab Spring - Middle East
The Arab Spring was a series of pro-democracy uprisings that took place across the Middle East and North Africa in 2010 and 2011, leading to the overthrow of several authoritarian regimes. The movement began in Tunisia with the self-immolation of a street vendor and quickly spread to countries like Egypt, Libya, Syria, and Yemen. The Arab Spring highlighted the power of popular protest and social media in challenging oppressive governments and demanding political reform. While the outcomes of the Arab Spring have been mixed, the movement has had a lasting impact on the region and the world.
16. The Brexit Referendum - United Kingdom
The Brexit referendum was a national vote held in the United Kingdom in 2016 to determine whether the country should leave the European Union. The referendum resulted in a narrow victory for the "Leave" campaign, leading to the ongoing process of Brexit and the UK's withdrawal from the EU. The Brexit referendum has divided British society and sparked intense debates over issues like immigration, trade, and national sovereignty. The outcome of Brexit will have far-reaching consequences for the UK and its relationship with the rest of Europe.
17. The Black Lives Matter Movement - United States
The Black Lives Matter movement is a social justice movement that emerged in the United States in response to police brutality and systemic racism against Black Americans. The movement gained momentum in 2013 following the acquittal of George Zimmerman in the shooting death of Trayvon Martin and has since organized protests, demonstrations, and advocacy campaigns against racial injustice. The Black Lives Matter movement has sparked conversations about race, privilege, and inequality in American society and has inspired similar movements around the world.
18. The Syrian Civil War - Middle East
The Syrian Civil War is an ongoing conflict that began in 2011 between the government of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad and various opposition groups. The war has resulted in hundreds of thousands of deaths, widespread destruction, and a humanitarian crisis in Syria and neighboring countries. The Syrian Civil War has drawn in regional and international powers, leading to complex alliances and interventions that have further escalated the conflict. The war has had a devastating impact on the Syrian people and has tested the international community's ability to respond to humanitarian emergencies.
19. The Hong Kong Protests - China
The Hong Kong protests were a series of demonstrations and civil unrest that took place in Hong Kong in 2019 and 2020 in response to a proposed extradition bill that would allow individuals to be sent to mainland China for trial. The protests evolved into a broader movement against Chinese influence in Hong Kong and calls for greater democracy and autonomy. The Hong Kong protests drew international attention and raised concerns about the erosion of civil liberties and political freedoms in the territory. The protests have continued to have a lasting impact on Hong Kong's society and relationship with mainland China.
20. The COVID-19 Pandemic - Global
The COVID-19 pandemic is a global health crisis that began in late 2019 with the emergence of a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, in Wuhan, China. The pandemic has since spread to every continent, causing millions of infections and deaths, overwhelming healthcare systems, and disrupting economies and societies worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to lockdowns, travel restrictions, and social distancing measures in an effort to contain the virus and protect public health. The pandemic has revealed vulnerabilities in healthcare systems, exposed inequalities in society, and tested governments' ability to respond to emergencies on a global scale.
21. The Black Lives Matter Movement - United States
The Black Lives Matter movement is a social justice movement that emerged in the United States in response to police brutality and systemic racism against Black Americans. The movement gained momentum in 2013 following the acquittal of George Zimmerman in the shooting death of Trayvon Martin and has since organized protests, demonstrations, and advocacy campaigns against racial injustice. The Black Lives Matter movement has sparked conversations about race, privilege, and inequality in American society and has inspired similar movements around the world.
22. The Syrian Civil War - Middle East
The Syrian Civil War is an ongoing conflict that began in 2011 between the government of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad and various opposition groups. The war has resulted in hundreds of thousands of deaths, widespread destruction, and a humanitarian crisis in Syria and neighboring countries. The Syrian Civil War has drawn in regional and international powers, leading to complex alliances and interventions that have further escalated the conflict. The war has had a devastating impact on the Syrian people and has tested the international community's ability to respond to humanitarian emergencies.
23. The Hong Kong Protests - China
The Hong Kong protests were a series of demonstrations and civil unrest that took place in Hong Kong in 2019 and 2020 in response to a proposed extradition bill that would allow individuals to be sent to mainland China for trial. The protests evolved into a broader movement against Chinese influence in Hong Kong and calls for greater democracy and autonomy. The Hong Kong protests drew international attention and raised concerns about the erosion of civil liberties and political freedoms in the territory. The protests have continued to have a lasting impact on Hong Kong's society and relationship with mainland China.
24. The COVID-19 Pandemic - Global
The COVID-19 pandemic is a global health crisis that began in late 2019 with the emergence of a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, in Wuhan, China. The pandemic has since spread to every continent, causing millions of infections and deaths, overwhelming healthcare systems, and disrupting economies and societies worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to lockdowns, travel restrictions, and social distancing measures in an effort to contain the virus and protect public health. The pandemic has revealed vulnerabilities in healthcare systems, exposed inequalities in society, and tested governments' ability to respond to emergencies on a global scale.
25. The Black Lives Matter Movement - United States
The Black Lives Matter movement is a social justice movement that emerged in the United States in response to police brutality and systemic racism against Black Americans. The movement gained momentum in 2013 following the acquittal of George Zimmerman in the shooting death of Trayvon Martin and has since organized protests, demonstrations, and advocacy campaigns against racial injustice. The Black Lives Matter movement has sparked conversations about race, privilege, and inequality in American society and has inspired similar movements around the world.
26. The Syrian Civil War - Middle East
The Syrian Civil War is an ongoing conflict that began in 2011 between the government of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad and various opposition groups. The war has resulted in hundreds of thousands of deaths, widespread destruction, and a humanitarian crisis in Syria and neighboring countries. The Syrian Civil War has drawn in regional and international powers, leading to complex alliances and interventions that have further escalated the conflict. The war has had a devastating impact on the Syrian people and has tested the international community's ability to respond to humanitarian emergencies.
26个常见的国外历史典故 篇二
1. The Trojan War - Greek Mythology
The Trojan War is a legendary conflict from Greek mythology that took place in the late Bronze Age, around the 12th century BC. The war was fought between the Greeks and the Trojans over the abduction of Helen, the wife of the Greek king Menelaus, by the Trojan prince Paris. The war lasted for ten years and ended with the fall of the city of Troy, as described in Homer's epic poems, the Iliad and the Odyssey.
2. The Roman Empire - Ancient Rome
The Roman Empire was one of the largest and most powerful empires in ancient history, encompassing much of Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East. The empire was founded in 27 BC and lasted for over 500 years, until the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD. The Roman Empire was known for its military conquests, engineering achievements, and cultural contributions, including the Latin language, Roman law, and Christianity.
3. The Great Wall of China - Ancient China
The Great Wall of China is a series of fortifications built along the northern border of China to protect the country from invasions by nomadic tribes. Construction of the wall began in the 7th century BC and continued for over 2,000 years, with various dynasties adding to and expanding the wall. The Great Wall of China is one of the most iconic symbols of Chinese history and culture and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
4. The Silk Road - Ancient Trade Route
The Silk Road was a network of trade routes that connected the East and West, allowing for the exchange of goods, ideas, and cultures between China, Central Asia, the Middle East, and Europe. The Silk Road played a crucial role in the development of civilizations along its route, facilitating the spread of silk, spices, technology, and religions like Buddhism and Islam. The Silk Road was named for the lucrative trade in silk, which was highly prized in the ancient world.
5. The Renaissance - Europe
The Renaissance was a period of cultural and intellectual rebirth that took place in Europe from the 14th to the 17th centuries, marking the transition from the Middle Ages to the modern era. The Renaissance was characterized by a revival of classical art, literature, and learning, as well as new developments in science, technology, and philosophy. The Renaissance had a profound impact on European society, leading to new ideas about humanism, individualism, and the role of the individual in society.
6. The Age of Exploration - Europe
The Age of Exploration was a period of European exploration and discovery that took place from the 15th to the 17th centuries, during which European explorers like Christopher Columbus, Vasco da Gama, and Ferdinand Magellan sailed to distant lands in search of new trade routes and territories. The Age of Exploration led to the colonization of the Americas, Africa, and Asia, as well as the exchange of goods, animals, and diseases between the Old World and the New World. The Age of Exploration had a lasting impact on global history, shaping the modern world and leading to the rise of European empires.
7. The Industrial Revolution - Europe
The Industrial Revolution was a period of rapid industrialization and technological advancement that took place in Europe and North America from the late 18th to the early 19th centuries. The Industrial Revolution saw the mechanization of industry, the invention of new machines and processes, and the growth of factories, railways, and cities. The Industrial Revolution transformed society, economy, and culture, leading to urbanization, social change, and the rise of capitalism. The Industrial Revolution had a profound impact on the course of human history, ushering in the modern era of industry and technology.
8. The World Wars - 20th Century
The World Wars were two global conflicts that took place in the 20th century, resulting in the deaths of millions of people and reshaping the political and social landscape of the world. World War I, also known as the Great War, was fought from 1914 to 1918 between the Allies and the Central Powers. World War II, which followed in 1939 to 1945, was fought between the Allies and the Axis powers. The World Wars led to the rise of new superpowers, the creation of international organizations like the United Nations, and the spread of ideologies like democracy and communism.
9. The Cold War - Global Conflict
The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension and ideological conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union from the late 1940s to the early 1990s. The Cold War was characterized by the competition between capitalism and communism, the arms race, and the threat of nuclear war. The Cold War led to proxy wars, revolutions, and political upheaval in countries around the world, as well as the division of Europe into East and West. The end of the Cold War marked the collapse of the Soviet Union and the beginning of a new era of global politics.
10. The Civil Rights Movement - United States
The Civil Rights Movement was a social and political movement in the United States that sought to end racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans and other marginalized groups. The Civil Rights Movement was led by figures like Martin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks, and Malcolm X and involved nonviolent protests, marches, and legal challenges to Jim Crow laws. The Civil Rights Movement led to the passage of landmark legislation like the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which outlawed segregation and protected voting rights for all Americans.
11. The Vietnam War - Southeast Asia
The Vietnam War was a protracted conflict that took place in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1955 to 1975, pitting the communist forces of North Vietnam and the Viet Cong against the anti-communist forces of South Vietnam and the United States. The war resulted in the deaths of millions of people and had a lasting impact on Vietnam and the region. The Vietnam War is often
26个常见的国外历史典故 篇三
26个常见的国外历史典故集锦
导语：外国历史典故总有上帝的色彩，神秘而又迷人。我们经常会遇到一些国外的典故，如果你对国外的历史、文化、神话故事不了解的话，就可能看不懂对方想表达的意思，以下是小编为大家精心整理的26个常见的国外历史典故，欢迎大家阅读参考!
1.多米诺骨牌：这是一种西洋游戏，将许多长方形的骨牌竖立排列成行，轻轻推倒第1张牌时，其余骨牌将依次纷纷倒下。用于比喻时，“多米诺骨牌效应”常指一系列的连锁反应，即“牵一发而动全身”。
2.极乐世界：原为印度佛教名词。又译“安乐国”、“安养国”、“佛国”、“净国”、“净土”等，俗称“西天”。极乐世界是“无有众苦，但受诸乐”的地界。比喻最快乐的地方或虚无飘渺的地方。
3.伊甸园：出自《圣经》。上帝在东方的一片富饶的平原上开辟了一个园子，里面有果树和各种飞禽走兽。上帝让亚当看守园子。为排解他的寂寞，上帝从亚当的身上取出一根肋骨，造成一个女人——夏娃来陪伴他。他们过着无忧无虑的日子。人们用伊甸园比喻人间的乐园。
4.奥吉亚斯的牛圈：出自希腊神话。奥吉亚斯是海神的儿子，他养了无数的牛，粪秽堆积如山。比喻累积成堆或肮脏腐败的难以解决的问题。
5.豌豆公主：出自丹麦安徒生的同名童话。一个公主能觉出在20层垫子和20层鸭绒被下放的一粒豌豆。讽刺那些娇嫩无比，弱不禁风的小姐。
6.滑铁卢：1815年拿破仑亲率12万大军同反法联军在比利时南部的滑铁卢作战，惨败。拿破仑被囚禁在大西洋中的圣赫勒拿岛上。直到1821年病故。正因为滑铁卢战役的失败，拿破仑从此一蹶不振，因此此语比喻英雄末路。
7.潘多拉的盒子：潘多拉是希腊神话中第一个尘世女子。普罗米修斯盗天火给人间后，主神宙斯为惩罚人类，命令神用黏土塑成一个年轻美貌、虚伪狡诈的姑娘，取名“潘多拉”，意为“具有一切天赋的女人”。并给了她一个礼盒，然后将她许配给普罗米修斯的弟弟埃庇米修斯(意为“后知”)。埃庇米修斯不顾禁忌地接过礼盒，潘多拉趁机打开它，于是各种恶习、灾难和疾病立即从里面飞出来。
8.诺亚方舟：出自《圣经》。上帝对人类所犯下的罪孽非常忧伤，决定用洪水消灭人类。诺亚是个正直的人，上帝吩咐他造船避灾。经过40个昼夜的洪水，除诺亚一家和部分动物外，其他生物都被洪水吞没。后被用来比喻灾难中的避难所或救星。
9.禁果：出自《圣经》。亚当和夏娃住在伊甸园中，上帝允许他们食用园中的果实，唯独“知善恶树”上的果实不能吃。狡猾的蛇引诱他们吃了禁果，从此他们懂得了善恶，辨别出真假，而且产生了羞耻之心。上帝因此将他们逐出伊甸园。禁果比喻被禁止得到而又渴望得到的东西。
10.达摩克利斯剑：达摩克利斯是希腊神话中暴君迪奥尼修斯的宠臣，他常说帝王多福，以取悦帝王。有一次，迪奥尼修斯让他坐在帝王的宝座上，头顶上挂着一把仅用一根马鬃系着的利剑，以此告诉他，虽然身在宝座，利剑却随时可能掉下来，帝王并不多福，而是时刻存在着忧患。人们常用这一典故来比喻随时可能发生的潜在危机。
11.缪斯：缪斯是希腊神话中九位文艺和科学女神的通称。她们均为主神和记忆女神之女。她们以音乐和诗歌之神阿波罗为首领，分别掌管着历史、悲剧、喜剧、抒情诗、舞蹈、史诗、爱情诗、颂歌和天文。古希腊的诗人、歌手都向缪斯呼告，祈求灵感。后来，人们就常用“缪斯”来比喻文学、写作和灵感等。
12.犹大的亲吻：犹大是《圣经》中耶稣基督的亲信子弟12门徒之一。耶稣传布新道虽然受到了百姓的拥护，却引起犹太教长老司祭们的.仇恨。他们用30个银币收买了犹大，要他帮助辨认出耶稣。他们到客马尼园抓耶稣时，犹大假装请安，拥抱和亲吻耶稣。耶稣随即被捕，后被钉死在十字架上。人们用“犹大的亲吻”比喻可耻的叛卖行为。
13.斯芬克斯之谜：斯芬克斯是希腊神话中以隐谜害人的怪物，埃及最大的胡夫金字塔前的狮身人面怪兽就是他。他给俄狄浦斯出的问题是：什么东西早晨用四只脚走路，中午用两只脚走路，傍晚用三只脚走路?俄狄浦斯回答：是人。在生命的早晨，他是个孩子，用两条腿和两只手爬行;到了生命的中午，他变成壮年，只用两条腿走路;到了生命的傍晚，他年老体衰，必须借助拐杖走路，所以被称为三只脚。俄狄浦斯答对了。斯芬克斯羞愧坠崖而死。“斯芬克斯之谜”常被用来比喻复杂、神秘、难以理解的问题。
14.蒙娜丽莎的微笑：《蒙娜-丽莎》是意大利达·芬奇的作品。完成于1506年，画中的蒙娜-丽莎相传原是佛罗伦萨有名的美女，她性情矜持，郁郁寡欢。为了使蒙娜-丽莎发自心扉的微笑，达·芬奇请乐队演奏美人家乡的作品，才使他嫣然一笑。而这一微笑的含义就成为几百年艺术史上的不解之迷。常比喻青年女子迷人的微笑，或转义为神秘的微笑。
15.苦行僧：原是印度一些宗教中以“苦行”为修行手段的僧人。“苦行”一词，梵文原义为“热”，因为印度气候炎热，宗教徒便把受热作为苦行的主要手段。比喻为实践。
16.酸小姐：出自俄国作家波米亚洛夫斯基的小说《小市民的幸福》。女主人公莲诺奇卡是一个目光短浅，精神空虚的“千金小姐”。由于失恋而成为忧心忡忡，痛苦悲伤的“酸小姐”。后比喻矫揉造作、装腔作势的女子。也泛指目光短浅、思想庸俗或感情脆弱、喜怒无常的人。
17.套中人：出自俄国作家契珂夫的同名小说。小官吏别里科夫性格怪僻，他晴天出门也要穿雨鞋、棉大衣，带雨伞。他害怕变革，凡有新生事物出现，他总是摇头晃脑说：“不要弄出什么事情来。”他犹如生活在套子里，隔绝人世。因此，此语成为墨守成规、因循守旧的同义语。表示害怕一切新鲜事物、害怕变革的人。
18.超人：出自尼采《查拉图什特拉如是说》。尼采认为“超人”是代表统治阶层的理想化的无所不能的全才人物。他说：“一个人是可以使千万年的历史生色的——也就是说，一个充实的、雄厚的、伟大的、完全的人要胜过无数残缺不全、鸡毛蒜皮的人”。比喻那些自己凌驾于一切之上的、自命不凡的利己主义者。也指那些能力卓异、超越常人的人。某种信仰而实行自我节制、自我磨练，拒绝物质和肉体的引诱，忍受恶劣环境压迫的人。
19.多余的人：出自俄国作家小说《多余人的日记》。19世纪俄国贵族知识分子的一种典型。他们不愿与贵族上流社会同流合污，自命清高。但因他们远离人民，无法摆脱贵族立场，所以精神萎靡、情绪消极，缺乏生活目的，不能有所作为。比喻那些饱食终日，无所事事的游手好闲之徒。
20.哈洛尔德式的冷漠：出自英国诗人拜伦的长诗《恰尔德·哈洛尔德游记》。恰尔德·哈洛尔德是一个具有自由民主思想的英国贵族阶级的叛逆者，他厌恶过去，不满现实，却又没有勇气去斗争，他的心始终是冷冰的。比喻知识分子对腐败的社会现实既不愿调和又不屑抗争的冷漠态度。
21.鲁滨孙和星期五：“鲁滨孙”和“星期五”都是英国作家笛福的长篇小说《鲁滨孙漂流记》中的人物。鲁滨孙乘船去非洲时在海上遇到风暴，漂流到一个孤岛上，为了活下去，他顽强地与大自然抗争，在孤岛上整整生活了28年，并养成了一种对任何事情都不失望的精神。他在孤岛上的第24个年头的一个星期五，还在海里救起了一个“野人”，并为其取名“星期五”。3年后，二人逃离孤岛。鲁滨孙回到英国并成为巨富。后来，人们在写文章时就常用“鲁滨孙和星期五”这一典故来批评那些企图脱离社会、脱离人民的幻想。
22.山姆大叔：山姆大叔是美国的绰号，产生于1812年美英战争时期。纽约州一位诚实能干的肉类包装商被人们亲切地称为山姆大叔。他担任纽约州和新泽西州的军需检验员，负责在供应军队的牛肉桶和酒桶上打戳。人们发现该厂的牛肉桶上都盖有E.A.-U.S。的标记。本来，E.A。是一个军火承包商的名字，U.S。是美国的缩写。碰巧山姆大叔(Uncle Sam)的缩写与美国的缩写相同，人们就管美国叫山姆大叔。美国人把山姆大叔诚实可靠、吃苦耐劳以及爱国主义精神视为自己民族的骄傲和共有的品质。1961年，美国国会正式承认山姆大叔为美国的民族象征。
23.客里空：“客里空”是原苏联作家柯涅楚克的名剧《前线》中的一个新闻记者的形象。客里空以无中生有、瞎编硬造为能事。他不调查了解，坐在指挥部拟稿。他根据听来的消息，即前线总指挥的儿子阵亡，就编造了总指挥的儿子在牺牲前如何发誓、总指挥听说儿子牺牲后如何痛哭流涕等情节。于是，客里空就成了新闻写作中弄虚作假、无中生有、凭空捏造的专用词。人们在写文章时把那些歪曲事实的报道消息称为“客里空”。
24.和平鸽：《旧约-创世纪》：上帝降洪水于大地，大雨下了40昼夜，遍地汪洋，只留下挪亚方舟里的人和动物。雨停后，挪亚放出一只鸽子去探测外面的消息。直到黄昏，鸽子才飞回来。嘴里衔着一枝翠绿的橄榄叶，挪亚洪水已退，平安来到了。后将鸽子和橄榄枝作为和平的象征。
25.斯芬克斯之迷：斯芬克斯是希腊神话中以隐谜害人的怪物。他对俄底浦斯的提问是，有一种生物，早晨用四只脚走路，当午用两只脚走路，傍晚用三只脚走路。这是什么?俄底浦斯回答是“人”，他猜中了，斯芬克斯羞愧地跳下悬崖摔死了。比喻复杂、神秘、难于了解的问题。
26.皮格马利翁：皮格马利翁是希腊神话中的塞浦路斯国王。他憎恨女性，决定永不结婚。他用神奇的技艺雕刻了一座美丽的象牙女像，并爱上了她。他像对待自己的妻子那样抚爱她，装扮她，并向神乞求让她成为自己的妻子。爱神阿芙洛狄忒被他打动，赐予雕像生命，并让他们结为夫妻。“皮格马利翁效应”后来被用在教育心理学上，也称“期待效应”或“罗森塔尔效应”，比喻教师对学生的期待不同，对他们施加的方法不同，学生受到的影响也不一样。
