染雾英语中考语法 篇一
Subject-Verb Agreement in English Grammar
Subject-verb agreement is a fundamental aspect of English grammar. It refers to the matching of the subject and the verb in a sentence. In other words, the verb must agree with the subject in terms of number and person. This rule ensures that sentences are grammatically correct and easy to understand. In this article, we will explore the rules of subject-verb agreement and provide some examples to illustrate their application.
Firstly, let's consider the agreement in terms of number. When the subject is singular, the verb must also be singular. Conversely, when the subject is plural, the verb should be plural as well. For instance, "The cat is sleeping" and "The cats are sleeping" follow the rule of subject-verb agreement.
Secondly, we need to pay attention to the agreement in terms of person. In English, verbs change their forms based on the subject's person. The three persons are the first person (I, we), the second person (you), and the third person (he, she, it, they). For example, "I am studying" and "She is studying" demonstrate the correct subject-verb agreement.
However, there are some exceptions to these rules. One exception is the use of indefinite pronouns as subjects. Indefinite pronouns such as "everyone," "someone," and "nobody" are always considered singular, even though they may refer to multiple individuals. Therefore, we say "Everyone is here" instead of "Everyone are here."
Another exception is the use of collective nouns. Collective nouns, such as "team," "family," and "group," can be singular or plural depending on the context. When the collective noun refers to a single unit, we treat it as singular. For example, "The team is playing well." However, when the collective noun refers to individual members, we treat it as plural. For instance, "The team are discussing their strategies."
In addition, there are instances where the subject and the verb may seem mismatched due to intervening words or phrases. However, it is important to identify the subject and the verb correctly. For instance, in the sentence "The books that I borrowed from the library are overdue," "books" is the subject, and "are" is the verb, even though the phrase "that I borrowed from the library" interrupts them.
To summarize, subject-verb agreement is an essential rule in English grammar. By ensuring that the subject and the verb match in terms of number and person, we can construct grammatically correct sentences that are easy to understand. Understanding and applying these rules will greatly improve one's English language skills.
英语中考语法 篇二
The Use of Modals in English Grammar
Modals are a type of auxiliary verbs that express various degrees of possibility, ability, permission, obligation, and necessity. They play an important role in English grammar and are commonly used in both spoken and written language. In this article, we will explore the different modals and their functions, as well as provide examples to illustrate their usage.
The most commonly used modals are "can," "could," "may," "might," "shall," "should," "will," "would," "must," and "ought to." Each modal has its own unique meaning and usage. For example, "can" is used to express ability or permission, as in "I can swim" or "Can I borrow your pen?" On the other hand, "should" is used to express advice or obligation, as in "You should study for the exam" or "We should help those in need."
Modals can also be used to express possibility or probability. "May" and "might" are used to indicate a possibility in the present or future, while "could" is used to indicate a possibility in the past. For instance, "It may rain tomorrow" or "He could have been at the party." These modals allow us to convey uncertainty or speculation.
Furthermore, modals can be used to express willingness or offer assistance. "Will" and "would" are commonly used in this context. For example, "I will help you with your homework" or "Would you like some tea?" These modals demonstrate a willingness to do something or extend a gesture of help.
It is important to note that modals do not change their form based on the subject. They do not require the addition of "-s" or "-ed" endings. However, they can be modified by other words to convey different meanings. For example, "should" can be modified by "not" to express prohibition, as in "You should not smoke."
In addition, modals are often used in combination with other verbs to form complex sentences. The main verb follows the modal verb and is usually in its base form (infinitive without "to"). For example, "I can play the piano" or "She must finish her homework."
In summary, modals are an important aspect of English grammar. They allow us to express various levels of possibility, ability, permission, obligation, and necessity. By understanding the meanings and usage of different modals, one can effectively communicate in both spoken and written English. Practice using modals in different contexts will enhance one's language skills and fluency.
英语中考语法 篇三
英语中考语法(五)动词专题复习(1)
《GO FOR IT！》英语中考语法（五）动词专题复习（1）（第八周复习内容）
动词分类如下：
1.系动词
系动词亦称联系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。
说明：
有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语，例如：
He fell ill yesterday.
他昨天病了。（fell是系动词，后跟补足语，说明主语情况。）
He fell off the ladder.
他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词，单独作谓语。
1）状态系动词
用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：
He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）
2）持续系动词
用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：
He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。
This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。
3）表像系动词
用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：
He looks tired. 他看起来很累。
He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。
4）感官系动词
感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如：
This kind of cloth feels very soft.
这种布手感很软。
This flower smells very sweet.
这朵花闻起来很香。
5）变化系动词
这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run .
例如：
He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。
She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。
6）终止系动词
表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, trun out, 表达"证实"，"变成"之意，例如：
The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。
The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。
His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。（turn out表终止性结果）
2 什么是助动词
1）协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词（Auxiliary Verb）。被协助的动词称作主要动词（Main Verb）。
助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用，例如：
He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。
（doesn't是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义)
2） 助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来：
a. 表示时态，例如：
He is singing. 他在唱歌。
He has got married. 他已结婚。
b. 表示语态，例如：
He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。
c. 构成疑问句，例如：
Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗？
Did you study English before you came here? 你来这儿之前学过英语吗？
d. 与否定副词not合用，构成否定句，例如：
I don't like him. 我不喜欢他。
e. 加强语气，例如：
Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。
He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。
3） 最常用的助动词有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would
3 助动词be的用法
1） be +现在分词，构成进行时态，例如：
They are having a meeting. 他们正在开会。
English is becoming more and more important. 英语现在越来越重要。
2) be + 过去分词，构成被动语态，例如：
The window was broken by Tom.. 窗户是汤姆打碎的。
English is taught throughout the world. 世界各地都教英语。
3） be + 动词不定式，可表示下列内容：
a. 表示最近、未来的计划或安排，例如：
He is to go to New York next week.. 他下周要去纽约。
We are to teach the freshpersons. 我们要教新生。
说明： 这种用法也可以说成是一种将来时态表达法。
b. 表示命令，例如：
You are to explain this. 对此你要做出解释。
He is to come to the office this afternoon. 要他今天下午来办公室。
c. 征求意见，例如：
How am I to answer him? 我该怎样答复他？
Who is to go there? 谁该去那儿呢？
d. 表示相约、商定，例如：
We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning. 我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合。
4 助动词have的用法
1）have +过去分词，构成完成时态，例如：
He has left for London. 他已去了伦敦。
By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work.
上月未为止，他们已经完成工作的一半。
2）have + been +现在分词，构成完成进行时，例如：
I have been studying English for ten years.
我一直在学英语，已达十年之久。
3）have+been +过去分词，构成完成式被动语态，例如：
English has been taught in China for many years.
中国教英语已经多年。
5 助动词do 的用法
1）构成一般疑问句，例如：
Do you want to pass the CET? 你想通过大学英语测试吗？
Did you study German? 你们学过德语吗？
2） do + not 构成否定句，例如：
I do not want to be criticized. 我不想挨批评。
He doesn't like to study. 他不想学习。
In the past, many students did not know the importance of English. 过去，好多学生不知道英语的重要性。
3) 构成否定祈使句，例如：
Don't go there. 不要去那里。
Don't be so absent-minded. 不要这么心不在焉。
说明： 构成否定祈使句只用do，不用did和does。
4） 放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气，例如：
Do come to my birthday party. 一定来参加我的生日宴会。
I did go there. 我确实去那儿了。
I do miss you. 我确实想你。
5） 用于倒装句，例如：
Never did I hear of such a thing. 我从未听说过这样的事情。
Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English.
只有在开始大学生活时我们才认识到英语的重要性。
说明： 引导此类倒装句的副词有never, seldom, rarely, little, only, so, well等。
6） 用作代动词，例如：
---- Do you like Beijing? --你喜欢北京吗？
---- Yes, I do. --是的，喜欢。（do用作代动词，代替like Beijing.）
He knows how to drive a car, doesn't he?
他知道如何开车，对吧？
6 助动词shall和will的用法
shall和will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时，例如：
I shall study harder at English. 我将更加努力地学习英语。
He will go to Shanghai. 他要去上海。
说明：
在过去的语法中，语法学家说shall用于第一人称，will 只用于第二、第三人称。现在，尤其是在口语中，will常用于第一人称，但shall只用于第一人称，如用于第二、第三人称，就失去助动词的意义，已变为情态动词，试比较:
He shall come. 他必须来。（shall有命令的意味。）
He will come. 他要来。（will只与动词原形构成一般将来时。）
6 助动词shall和will的用法
shall和will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时，例如：
I shall study harder at English. 我将更加努力地学习英语。
He will go to Shanghai. 他要去上海。
说明：
在过去的语法中，语法学家说shall用于第一人称，will 只用于第二、第三人称。现在，尤其是在口语中，will常用于第一人称，但shall只用于第一人称，如用于第二、第三人称，就失去助动词的意义，已变为情态动词，试比较:
He shall come. 他必须来。（shall有命令的意味。）
He will come. 他要来。（will只与动词原形构成一般将来时。）
短语动词的基本结构
动词加小品构成的起动词作用的短语叫短语动词（Phrasal Verb）。例如：
Turn off the radio. 把收音机关上。（turn off是短语动词）
短语
