染雾初中英语非谓语动词 篇一
The Importance of Non-Finite Verbs in Junior High English
In the study of English grammar, non-finite verbs play a crucial role. They are verb forms that do not show tense, number, or person. Instead, they are used to express actions or states in a general or abstract way. Non-finite verbs include infinitives, gerunds, and participles.
Firstly, infinitives are the base form of a verb with the word "to" in front of it, such as "to play" or "to study". They can be used as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. For example, "To swim is my favorite hobby" uses the infinitive "to swim" as a noun, and "I have a book to read" uses the infinitive "to read" as an adjective.
Secondly, gerunds are verb forms that end in "-ing" and are used as nouns. They can be the subject of a sentence, the object of a verb, or the object of a preposition. For instance, "Running is good for your health" uses the gerund "running" as the subject of the sentence, and "I enjoy swimming" uses the gerund "swimming" as the object of the verb "enjoy".
Lastly, participles are verb forms that can be used as adjectives. There are two types of participles: present participles, which end in "-ing" like gerunds, and past participles, which usually end in "-ed" or "-en". For example, "The crying baby needs attention" uses the present participle "crying" to describe the baby, and "The broken window should be fixed" uses the past participle "broken" to describe the window.
Understanding non-finite verbs is essential in order to communicate effectively in English. They allow us to express ideas in a more concise and versatile manner. By using infinitives, gerunds, and participles, we can convey actions and states without specifying tense or person, making our sentences more general and abstract.
In conclusion, non-finite verbs play a vital role in the English language, particularly in junior high English. They provide us with the tools to express actions and states in a general or abstract way. By mastering the usage of infinitives, gerunds, and participles, students can enhance their writing and speaking skills, and become more proficient in English grammar.
初中英语非谓语动词 篇三
初中英语非谓语动词
非谓语动词
1.定义：动词除在句子中作谓语以外，还具有名词、形容词及副词的性质，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等，这就是动词的非谓语动词。可分为三种：动词不定式、分词和动名词。
2.动词不定式：to + 动词原形(在某些情况下可以不带to )。(没有人称和数的变化，可以有自己的.宾语和状语，可以有时态和语态的变化)
○1 一般式：主动语态：to do , 被动语态：to be + 动词过去分词 (表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生或之后发生)
○2 进行式：主动语态：to be doing , 被动语态：无 (表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生)
○3 完成式：主动语态：to have +动词过去分词，被动语态：to have been +动词过去分词 (表示动作或状态在谓语动作之前就发生)
○4 用法：
A. 作主语：To learn a foreign language is not easy . = It's not easy to learn a foreign language .
B. 作表语：The most important thing is to finish the work on time .
C. 作宾语：
a. 动词+to do . He decided to buy a new watch . (agree, choose, want, hope, like, wish, learn, love, plan, try, start, afford …)
b. 动词+疑问词+to do I don't know where to put the bike .
c. 动词+形式宾语(it)+宾补+to do I find it important to learn a second foreign language .
D. 作补语：
a. 动词+宾语+to do Tom asked me to show him the new shoes . (tell, wish, ask, want, like, beg, invite, allow, encourage…)
b. 动词+宾语+不带to的动词 He often saw Tom play football .(see, hear, feel, watch, notice, have, make, let…)
E. 作状语：
a. 表示目的：He went to Guangzhou to see his sons . He got up early in order to catch the first bus .
b. 表示结果：He is too tired to walk any farther . They aren't old enough to go to school .
c. 表示原因：He is sorry to hear that . I am glad to see you .
F.作定语： I have something to tell you . I want to buy something to eat .
○5 动词不定式to 的省略：
A. 在感官动词feel, hear, see, watch, notice 及使役动词have, let, make等后面要省to，但在变被动语态时要还原不定式to。
I often saw him go out of the room .-------- He was often seen to go out of the room by me .
B.在had better, would rather, do nothing but等后面常省to。
○6 动词不定式的否定形式：not + to do ，有时也可以用-never + to do 结构。
3.动名词：动词原形+ing 。具有名词、动词一些特征。
○1 一般式：主动语态：doing ，被动语态：being + 动词过去分词(表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生或之后发生)
○2 完成式：主动语态：having +动词过去分词，被动语态：having been +动词过去分词 (表示动作或状态在谓语动词的动作或状态之前就发生)Children enjoy watching animated cartoon . I don't remember having ever seen the film .
○3 动名词的否定形式：not + 动名词(v-ing) I regret not being able to help you .
○4 用法：
A. 作主语：
a. 动名词作主语如果太长，可以用形式
b. No + 动名词表示"禁止"。No smoking, No parking .
B. 作宾语：He finished doing his homework .
C. 作表语：His favourite sport is playing basketball .
D. 作定语：shopping basket, finishing line . (表明名词的用途、功能等)
E. 动名词的复合结构：名词所有格、形容词物主代词+动名词。Do you mind my / Wei Fang's opening the window ?
4.分词：动词原形+ing 。具有形容词、副词和动词一些特征。(可分为现在分词、过去分词)
现在分词
○1 一般式：主动语态：doing ，被动语态：being + 动词过去分词(表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生)
○2 完成式：主动语态：having +动词过去分词，被动语态：having been +动词过去分词 (表示动作或状态在谓语动词的动作或状
态之前就发生)
○3 动名词的否定形式：not + 动名词(v-ing) No understanding the meaning of the words, he couldn't explain the sentence .
○4 用法：
A. 作表语。The result is surprising .
B. 作定语。Developing country (主谓关系) sleeping boy (boy 所做的动作)
C. 作状语。Passing by the house, he saw a girl playing the piano . = when he was passing by the house , he saw a girl playing the piano .
D. 作宾补。I found him lying on the grass.
过去分词
○1 形式：规则动词+ed，和不规则动词的过去分词。
○2 过去分词的否定形式：not + 动词过去分词。
○3 用法：
A. 作表语：My bike is broken . He is very worried .
B. 作定语：developed country, fallen leaves, spoken English .
C. 作状语：Asked why he was absent, he said he was ill . = When he was asked why he was absent, he said he was ill .
D. 作宾补：You had better have your shoes mended . I had my hair cut yesterday .
