染雾篇一：毕业论文写作英文摘要怎么写
Abstract Writing for Graduation Thesis
Abstract:
The abstract is an essential part of a graduation thesis, as it provides a concise summary of the research objectives, methods, findings, and conclusions. Writing an effective abstract requires careful planning and attention to detail. This article aims to provide guidance on how to write an English abstract for a graduation thesis.
Introduction:
The abstract serves as a crucial component of a graduation thesis. It is typically the first section that readers encounter, and it plays a significant role in attracting their attention and determining whether they will continue reading the full thesis. Therefore, it is essential to write a clear, concise, and informative abstract.
Methods:
To write an effective abstract, several key steps should be followed. First, identify the main objectives and research questions of the thesis. These should be succinctly stated in the abstract. Next, summarize the methodology used to conduct the research, including the study design, data collection methods, and statistical analysis techniques. Additionally, highlight the main findings and significant results of the study. Finally, conclude the abstract by summarizing the main conclusions and implications of the research.
Results:
A well-written abstract should provide a clear overview of the thesis, allowing readers to quickly understand the main points and significance of the research. It should be concise, typically ranging from 150 to 250 words, and written in a structured format. Avoid using jargon or technical terms that may be unfamiliar to readers outside of the specific field of study. Instead, use plain language and provide explanations or definitions for any specialized terms that are necessary for understanding the research.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, writing an effective English abstract for a graduation thesis requires careful planning and attention to detail. By following the steps outlined in this article, students can create a concise and informative summary of their research. Remember to keep the abstract concise, clear, and accessible to a broad audience. The abstract is the gateway to the full thesis and should entice readers to delve deeper into the research.
篇二：毕业论文写作英文摘要怎么写
Writing an English Abstract for a Graduation Thesis
Abstract:
The abstract is an important component of a graduation thesis, providing a brief summary of the research objectives, methods, findings, and conclusions. This article aims to offer guidance on how to write an effective English abstract for a graduation thesis.
Introduction:
The abstract serves as a crucial part of a graduation thesis, as it serves as the first section that readers encounter. It plays a significant role in capturing readers' attention and determining whether they will continue to read the full thesis. Therefore, it is essential to write a clear and concise abstract that highlights the key aspects of the research.
Methods:
To write an effective abstract, it is necessary to follow a structured approach. Begin by identifying the main objectives and research questions of the thesis. These should be summarized in a concise manner within the abstract. Next, briefly describe the research methodology, including the study design, data collection methods, and statistical analysis techniques employed. Additionally, highlight the main findings and significant results of the study. Finally, summarize the main conclusions and implications of the research.
Results:
A well-written abstract should provide readers with a clear overview of the thesis, allowing them to quickly grasp the main points and significance of the research. It should be concise, typically ranging from 150 to 250 words, and written in a clear and accessible language. Avoid using technical terms or jargon that may be unfamiliar to readers outside of the specific field of study. Instead, provide explanations or definitions for any specialized terms to ensure a broader understanding of the research.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, writing an effective English abstract for a graduation thesis requires careful planning and attention to detail. By following the steps outlined in this article, students can create a concise and informative summary of their research. Remember to keep the abstract concise, clear, and accessible to a broad audience. The abstract serves as a gateway to the full thesis and should entice readers to explore the research further.
毕业论文写作英文摘要怎么写 篇三
毕业论文写作少不了英文摘要。对于英语水平差的同学来说，写英文摘要可能有点困难，毕竟里面涉及的专业术语和知识比较多。接下来，小编为还在困惑的同学讲讲英文摘要怎么写。
简介
这里要讨论的主要是中文科技论文所附的英文摘要，其内容包含题名、摘要及关键词。GB7713—87规定，为了国际交流，科学技术报告、学位论文和学术论文应附有外文(多用英文)摘要。原则上讲，以上中文摘要编写的注意事项都适用于英文摘要，但英语有其自己的表达方式、语言习惯，在撰写英文摘要时应特别注意。
英文题名
1)题名的结构。英文题名以短语为主要形式，尤以名词短语(nounphrase)最常见，即题名基本上由1个或几个名词加上其前置和(或)后置定语构成。例如：TheFrequentBryophytesintheMountainHelanshan(贺兰山习见苔藓植物);ThermodynamicCharacteristicsofWaterAbsorptionofHeattreatedWood(热处理木材的水分吸着热力学特性)。短语型题名要确定好中心词，再进行前后修饰。各个词的顺序很重要，词序不当，会导致表达不准。题名一般不应是陈述句，因为题名主要起标示作用，而陈述句容易使题名具有判断式的语义;况且陈述句不够精练和醒目，重点也不易突出。少数情况(评述性、综述性和驳斥性)下可以用疑问句做题名，因为疑问句可有探讨性语气，易引起读者兴趣。例如：CanAgriculturalMechanizationbeRealizedWithoutPetroleum?(农业机械化能离开石油吗?)。
2)题名的字数。题名不应过长。国外科技期刊一般对题名字数有所限制。例如，美国医学会规定题名不超过2行，每行不超过42个印刷符号和空格;美国国立癌症研究所杂志JNatCancerInst要求题名不超过14个词;英国数学会要求题名不超过12个词。这些规定可供我们参考。总的原则是，题名应确切、简练、醒目，在能准确反映论文特定内容的前提下，题名词数越少越好。
3)中英文题名的一致性。同一篇论文，其英文题名与中文题名内容上应一致，但不等于说词语要一一对应。在许多情况下，个别非实质性的词可以省略或变动。例如：工业湿蒸汽的直接热量计算，TheDirectMeasurementofHeatTransmittedWetSteam。英文题名的直译中译文是“由湿蒸汽所传热量的直接计量”，与中文题名相比较，二者用词虽有差别，但内容上是一致的。
4)题名中的冠词。在早年，科技论文题名中的冠词用得较多，近些年有简化的趋势，凡可用可不用的冠词均可不用。例如：TheEffectofGroundwaterQualityontheWheatYieldandQuality.其中两处的冠词the均可不用。
5)题名中的大小写。题名字母的大小写有以下3种格式。
全部字母大写。例如：OPTIMALDISPOSITIONOFROLLERCHAINDRIVE
每个词的首字母大写，但3个或4个字母以下的冠词、连词、介词全部小写。例如：TheDeformationandStrengthofConcreteDamswithDefects
题名第1个词的首字母大写，其余字母均小写。例如：Topographicinversionofintervalvelocities.
目前b.格式用得最多，而c.格式的使用有增多的趋势。
6)题名中的缩略词语。已得到整个科技界或本行业科技人员公认的缩略词语，才可用于题名中，否则不要轻易使用。
作者与作者单位的英译
1)作者。中国人名按汉语拼音拼写;其他非英语国家人名按作者自己提供的罗马字母拼法拼写。
2)单位。单位名称要写全(由小到大)，并附地址和邮政编码，确保联系方便。前段时间一些单位机构英译纷纷采取缩写，外人不知所云，结果造成混乱。FAO,WHO,MIT尽人皆知，而BFU是BeijingForestryUniversity,恐怕只有“圈内”人知。另外，单位英译一定要采用本单位统一的译法(即本单位标准译法)，切不可另起炉灶。
注意事项
1)英文摘要的时态。英文摘要时态的运用也以简练为佳，常用一般现在时、一般过去时，少用现在完成时、过去完成时，进行时态和其他复合时态基本不用。
一般现在时。用于说明研究目的、叙述研究内容、描述结果、得出结论、提出建议或讨论等。分别举例如下：Thisstudy(investigation)is(conducted,undertaken)to…Theanatomyofsecondaryxylem(次生木质部)instemofDavidiainvolucrata(珙桐)andCamptothecaacuminata(喜树)iscompared.Theresultshows(reveals)…，Itisfoundthat…Theconclusionsare…Theauthorsuggests….涉及到公认事实、自然规律、永恒真理等，当然也要用一般现在时。
一般过去时。用于叙述过去某一时刻(时段)的发现、某一研究过程(实验、观察、调查、医疗等过程)。例如：Theheatpulsetechniquewasappliedtostudythestemstaflow(树干液流)oftwomaindeciduousbroadleavedtreespeciesinJulyandAugust,1996.需要指出的是，用一般过去时描述的发现、现象，往往是尚不能确认为自然规律、永恒真理的，而只是当时如何如何;所描述的研究过程也明显带有过去时间的痕迹。
现在完成时和过去完成时。完成时少用，但不是不用而过去完成时可用来表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的事情，或在一个过去事情完成之前就已完成的另一过去行为。例如：Concretehasbeenstudiedformanyyears.Manhasnotyetlearnedtostorethesolarenergy.
2)英文摘要的语态。采用何种语态，既要考虑摘要的特点，又要满足表达的需要。一篇摘要很短，尽量不要随便混用，更不要在一个句子里混用。
主动语态。因其有助于文字清晰、简洁及表达有力。Theauthorsystematicallyintroducesthehistoryanddevelopmentofthetissuecultureofpoplar比Thehistoryanddevelopmentofthetissuecultureofpoplarareintroducedsystematically语感要强。必要时，Theauthorsystematically都可以去掉，而直接以Introduces开头。
被动语态。以前强调多用被动语态，理由是科技论文主要是说明事实经过，至于那件事是谁做的，无须一一证明。事实上，在指示性摘要中，为强调动作承受者，还是采用被动语态为好。即使在报道性摘要中，有些情况下被动者无关紧要，也必须用强调的事物做主语。例如：Inthiscase,agreateraccuracyinmeasuringdistancemightbeobtained.?3)英文摘要的人称。原来摘要的首句多用第三人称Thispaper…等开头例如：Todescribe…，Tostudy…，Toinvestigate…，Toassess…，Todetermine…，Thetorrentclassificationmodelandthehazardzonemappingmodelaredevelopedbasedonthegeographyinformationsystem.行文时最好不用第一人称，以方便文摘刊物的编辑刊用。
应避免一些常见的错误。
冠词。主要是定冠词the易被漏用。the用于表示整个群体、分类、时间、地名以外的独一无二的事物、形容词最高级等较易掌握，用于特指时常被漏用。这里有个原则，即当我们用the时，听者或读者已经确知我们所指的是什么。例如：Theauthordesignedanewmachine.Themachineisoperatedwithsolarenergy.?要注意区分a和an，如anXray.
数词。避免用阿拉伯数字作首词，如：Threehundred
单复数。一些名词单复数形式不易辨认，从而造成谓语形式出错。
尽量使用短句。因为，长句容易造成语义不清;但要避免单调和重复。科技期刊涉及专业多，英文更是不易掌握，各行各业甚至表达方式、遣词造句都有区别。如果有机会，要多与英语国家同行接触，多请他们改一些国人所撰写的摘要或论文，积累经验，摸索规律。如果缺少这样的机会，多看英文文献，也会有助于我们英文写作及水平的提高。
简介研究背景或目的，用一、两句话概括，不要简单重复文题中已有的信息。
方法：简述研究所用原理、条件、材料、对象和方法，并说明有无对照、病例或实验次数。
结果：实验的、研究的结果、数据，所得数据需经统计学处理。
结论：结果的分析、比较、评价、应用，并说明得到何种启发或提出问题及展望。
